Lab Quiz 2: Digestive System

Question 1

What is this? Label. What epithelium is “OM” made of? What layer of this structure hosues salivary glands and muscle?

Answer 1

F= Follicle (hair)

M= skeletal muscle (orbicularis oris kissing muscles)

OM= oral mucosa/ lining mucosa. Made of non-keratinized squamous epithelium AND a lamina propria

S= skin (keratinized)

G= glands

V= vermillion middle layer between skin and lining mucosa (submucosa)

The salivary glands and skeletal muscle of the lip is found in the submucosa layer/ vermillion. also has blood vessels.

Question 2

what papillae is this? What type of epithelium is on the surface? Do they have tastebuds? Primary Function?

Answer 2

FILIFORM PAPILLAE. Most numerous. Has stratefied squamous KERATINIZED epithelium. NO TASTEBUDS. Function: provides a rough surface that assist in mixing food during mechanical digestion.

Question 3

what papillae is this? What type of epithelium is on the surface? Do they have tastebuds? Primary Function? Where are they found?

Answer 3

FOLIATE PAPILLAE. NON-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Contains tastebuds. Found on the LATERAL EDGES of the tongue primarily seen in children.

Question 4

what papillae is this? What type of epithelium is on the surface? Do they have tastebuds? Primary Function?

Answer 4

FUNGIFORM PAPILLAE. NON keratinized epithelium. Has a few tastebuds, but not as many as circumvallate. Taste.

Question 5

Do foliate papillae have serous or mucous glands?

Answer 5

serous.

Question 6

what papillae is this? What type of epithelium is on the surface? Do they have tastebuds? Location? What kind of glands are associated with this papillae?

Answer 6

CIRCUMVALLATE. Has non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Has majority of tastebuds. Found in the back of the tongue. Associated with Von Ebners Salivary Glands at the clefts/edges of the papillae.

Question 7

which tissue layer of the papillae hosue the tastebuds?

Answer 7

mucosa layer

Question 8

How is a tooth anchored to the bone?

Answer 8

by periodontal ligaments made of collagenous sharpey’s fibers. The periodontal ligament connects the cementum (outside of the dentin) to the alveolar bone.

Question 9

Label

Answer 9

D= dentin

O= odontoblasts on the edge of the dental pulp.

V= vessels found inside the pulp cavity housing the dental pulp.

Question 10

Label. Find cememtum and periodontal ligaments

Answer 10

P=pulp cavity with dental pulp inside

B= bone

D= Dentin

E= enamel

G= gingival pocket

G= gingivae (gum)

Cementum is between dentin and periodontal ligament, PLs are between cementum and bone. Therefore even though its hard to tell, it goes dentin-cementum-periodontal ligaments-bone.

Question 11

what tissue is in the pulp cavity of a tooth. What cells give rise to enamel? which cells give rise to dentin

Answer 11

aereolar connective tissue. ameloblasts make enamel, dentin is made by odontoblasts.

Question 12

HOw can you tell the upper third of the esophagus compared to the cardiac portion of the esophagus

Answer 12

upper third has skeletal muscle (for swallowing) and the bottom third has smooth muscle exclusively, plus cardiac mucous glands.

Question 13

what layer is the skeletal muscle found in the upper portion of the esophagus?

Answer 13

in the muscularis externa.

Question 14

what kind of glands are at the bottom portion of the esophagus? What layer on they located in?

Answer 14

esophgeal-Cardiac glands. They are located in the lamina propria (mucosa layer).

Question 15

what kind of connective tissue forms the submucosa of the esophagus. What kind of mucous glands are found at the top portion of the esophagus?

Answer 15

elastic connective tissue to accommodate swallowing. TUBULAR ESOPHAGUS glands are found at the top portion of the esophagus.

Question 16

What kind of epithelium is on the top half of the esophagus? Bottom half?

Answer 16

top half= stratified squamous non-keratinized

bottom half= simple columnar (at junction with stomach)

Question 17

What organ is this? Label

Answer 17

bottom/cardiac portion of esophagus plus the junction with the stomach

SM= smooth muscle

CG= cardiac glands

Question 18

What organ is this? Label

Answer 18

upper third of esophagus. Muscularis externa has skeletal muscle. Muscosa epithelium made of stratiefied squamous epithelium non keratinized. Contains esophageal glands.

Question 19

At the gastroesophageal junction, the stratified squamous epithelium stops abruptly and becomes ___ ___ epithelium

Answer 19

simple columnar.

Question 20

TF: besides the change in epithelium from SS non keratinized to simple cuboidal, all other layers are continuous between the esophagus and the stomach.

Answer 20

True, the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae made with smooht muscle, and submucosa are the same. There are cardiac glands in the stomach of the lamina propria thogh.

Question 21

What is this? Which side is which?

Answer 21

Gastroesophageal junction. The “holes” in the lamina propria are cardiac glands.

On left= stomach

on right = bottom portion of esophagus.

Question 22

what are the four regions of the stomach (from esophagus to small intestine)

Answer 22

1) cardia
2) fundus
3) corpus/body
4) pyloris

Question 23

gastric glands in the stomach produce ___ ___

Answer 23

gastric juice

Question 24

to accommodate stomach stretching, the walls of the gastric mucosa are folded in to ___ that flatten as the stomach fills

Answer 24

rugae.

Question 25

mucosal folds on the small intestines visible to human eye

Answer 25

plicae circulares

Question 26

is the bottom part of the esophagus covered with serosa or adventitia?

Answer 26

serosa. joins the stomach. the top portion is covered with adventitia.

Question 27

the simple columnar epithelium in the stomach contains __ mucous cells to secrete ___ mucus that coats the mucosa and protects it from the enzymes and acid of gastric juize

Answer 27

SURFACE mucous cells to secrete ALKALINE mucus.

Question 28

which portion of the stomach has the deepest gastric pits?

Answer 28

pyloric portion

Question 29

cardiac portion of the stomach contains ___ glands, the fundus portion of stomach contains ____ glands, and the pyloric portion of the stomach contains ___ glands

Answer 29

cardiac portion of the stomach contains CARDIAC glands, the fundus portion of stomach contains GASTRIC glands, and the pyloric portion of the stomach contains PYLORIC glands

Question 30

What are these two diagrams? What cell/glands are foudn in these tissues?

Answer 30

Left= fundic portion. Contains parietal (Hcl) and cheif (enzyme) cells. Plus mucus secreting gastric cells. has SHORT PITS Right= cardiac portion of stomach. Contains cardiac glands for mucus production. Contains LONGER GASTRIC PITS, but not as long as pylorus.

Question 31

What portion of the stomach is this? How can you differentiaite between the pyloric and the cardiac portion of the stomach?

Answer 31

this is the pyloric portion. You can differentiate between the two because the pyloric has a higher PIT to gland ratio. They have LARGER pits and less pyloric glands. The cardiac portion has slightly shorter pits, and the pit to gland ratio is about 1:1

Question 32

3 regions of the glands of the fundus and body of the stomach

Answer 32

1) isthmus 2) neck 3) body

Question 33

What region of the stomach is this? Label the picture

Answer 33

Fundic portion of the stomach. Mucous neck cells are hard to distinguish from chief cells (most abundant near base). they secrete pepsin and lipase.

Question 34

5 cell types found in the fundic portion of the stomach and function

Answer 34

1) mucous neck cells. secrete mucus 2) parietal cells: secretes Hcl and intrinsic factor (abundant in neck region) 3) cheif cells. found in lower portion of lamina propria and muscularis mucosae. secretes pepsinogen and lipase precursor 4) stem cells. Found in isthmus and neck of gastric glands. replaces worn out mucous cells 5) enteroendocrine cells. found throughout GI tract. Secrete hormones into the blood vessels of the lamina propria. ex/ G cells secrete gastrin. stimulates gastric acid secretion.

Question 36

the glands in the fundus are simple ___ \_\_\_

Answer 36

glands are simple branched tubular that consist of isthmus, neck and base

Question 37

3 types of simple columnar epithelium cells in the small intestine

Answer 37

1) enterocytes- colomnar cells that produce enterokinases 2) paneth cells - produce lysozymes 3) M cells - assist in the immune response of MALT

Question 38

purpose of paneth cells. Where are they located?

Answer 38

they produce lysozymes. They are located in the crypts of lieberkuhn of the small intestine

Question 39

which intestine is this? label.

Answer 39

small intestine V= villi E= simple columnar enterocytes. GC= goblet cells IV= intervillous spaces LP= lamina propria CL= crypts of lieberkuhn PC= paneth cells (lysozyme secretion) MM= muscularis mucosae SM= submucosa BV= blood vessels.

Question 40

TF: duodenl villi are longer than jujenum

Answer 40

false. they tend to be shorter and broader.

Question 41

characteristic glands in the duodenum. What layer are they located in? Purpose?

Answer 41

Brunners glands located in submucosa. Produce alkaline mucus that counteracts the acidity of the chyme entering from the stomach.

Question 42

Label this portion of the small intestine. Label the different layers of the walls. Where are brunner glands located? is this organ lined with serosa or adventitia?

Answer 42

Duodenum. Brunner glands located in sub mucosa. Intestinal glands are in lamina propria. Lined withs serosa.

Question 43

What portion of the small intestine is this/

Answer 43

jejunum. There are no peyers patches or brunner glands.

Question 44

What are peyer's patches? Where are they located?

Answer 44

aggregations of several dozen lymph follicles in the submucosa on the side of the intestine. Found in Ileum

Question 45

What is this? characteristic feature?

Answer 45

ileum. Peyers Patches

Question 46

Purpose of the crypts of lieberkuhn in large intestine

Answer 46

absorption of water.

Question 47

what specializations does the muscularis mucosae have in large intestine?

Answer 47

normal inner layer, but the outer longitudinal layer is modified to form TAENIA COLI MUSCLES.

Question 48

TF the entire large intestine's outer wall is serosa

Answer 48

false. the upper portions of the ascending and descending colon are adventitia.

Question 49

GALT

Answer 49

gut associated lymphatic tissue.

Question 50

how can you tell the large intestine from other structures ex/ stomach?

Answer 50

has no villi compared to small intestine. Has tonssss of goblet cells in the epithelium.

Question 51

the large intestine is lined with ___ cells. For what?

Answer 51

colonocytes. for reabsorption of h2o

Question 52

label

Question 53

label

Answer 53

large intestine. you can see that theres not really any villi.

Question 54

label

Answer 54

Large intestine stained with PAS (mucus stain) to highlight goblet cells in the crypts of lieberkuhn.

Question 55

label

Answer 55

Appendix. Characteristic lymph nodules. prominent part of GALT.

Question 56

label

Answer 56

Appendix. Usually has a triangular lumen, this one is unualyl circular. Has less glands, no villi (part of large intestine), and has GALT nodules.

Question 57

Answer 57

Appendix.

Question 58

describe the change in epithelium at the rectoanal junction

Answer 58

simple columnar epithelium abruptly changes back to a stratified squamous look.

Question 59

what is this?

Answer 59

gastroesophageal junction

Question 60

What junction type is this?

Answer 60

Rectoanal junction

Question 61

what kind of connective tissue dominates in submucosa of large intestine?

Answer 61

mixture of **irregular connective and adipose tissue**, numerous blood vessels, and several excellent examples of ganglion cells and nerves of thesubmucosal plexus.

Question 62

What layer of the digestive cavity wall would you find this structure?

Answer 62

this is auerbachs plexus. The cells of the Auerbach's (myenteric) plexus are located between the **inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of the muscularis externa.** These nerve cells are the portion of the enteric nervous system responsible for generating peristaltic movements.