Lab Quiz 2 - Tissues Flashcards
(30 cards)
Simple Squamous Epithelium
Single layer of flattened cells, central nuclei.
Function: absorb & secrete
Found in: lungs, blood vessels
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
Single layer of cuboidal cells with large nuclei.
Function: absorb & secrete
Found in: kidneys, ovary surface
Simple Columnar Epithelium
Single layer of tall cells with round/oval nuclei, some have cilia. Often next to goblet cells, which make mucous.
Function: absorb & secrete
Found in: intestines, stomach, digestive tract
Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium
Single layer of cells of differing heights, some not reaching the free surface. Look for cilia and nuclei at many different levels!
Function: secretes substances, particularly mucous (frequently near goblet cells)
Found in: trachea
Stratified Squamous Non-Keritanized Epithelium
Thick membrane. Multiple layers of flattened cells that become flatter as they get to the apical surface. *Not all nuclei are always visible, based on where they were cut.
Function: protection
Found in: inside mouth, vagina
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
Generally two layers of cube like cells. Frequently found in glands, so tend to be circular, with the apical surface in the inside of the circle.
Function: secretion
Found in: salivary glands, ducts in sweat glands
Transitional Epithelium
Resembles both stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal. No distinct shape at all, multiple layers of cells where none are uniform.
Function: stretch
Found in: bladder, urethra
Functions of Epithelial Tissue
- Protection of underlying tissues
- Absorbtion
- Filtration
- Excretion
- Secretions (endocrine, exocrine)
- Sensations (sensory reception)
Epithelium is avascular, and contains an apical and a basal surface, and a basement membrane that attaches it to connective tissue.
Functions of Connective Tissue
- Forms the structural framework of the body
- Transports fluids and dissolved materials
- Protection
- Supports, surrounds, and connects other tissues
- Stores energy reserves
- Defends agains pathogenic microbes
Connective tissue is almost all highly vascular (high blood supply)
General Characteristics of Connective Tissue
- Contains specialized cells (fibroblasts, fibrocytes, macrophages, adipocytes, mesenchymal cells, melanocytes, mast cells, lymphocytes, microphages)
- Has an extracellular matrix composed of ground substance and fibers (collagen, elastic, reticular)
- Most are highly vascular
Loose Connective Tissue - Areolar
Gel-like matrix with all three fiber types and fibroblasts. Contains collagen fibers and elastic fibers (elastic fibers look like black thread).
Function: encases organs
Found in: widely distributed under epithelia of body, encases organs
Loose Connective Tissue - Reticular
Fibers are thin and branched. “Scary halloween tree”
Function: structural support
Found in: spleen, lymph nodes
Loose Connective Tissue - Adipose
Very sparse and closely packed with adipocytes (large fat cells). Looks like a bunch of white bubbles, and the nuclei often get pushed to the side of the cell and the fat droplets take up almost all the room in the cell. Looks like a bunch of bubbles that have popped on a surface - most of the room is the inside of the bubbles.
Function: store fat, energy storage, insulation
Found in: under skin, breasts
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
Contains lots of collagen fibers running all over the place. Slightly swirled, with purple dots that are fibroblasts. (Looks like prosciutto).
Function: stability, resists tearing
Found in: dermis, joints
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
Wavy, parallel collagen fibers. Lots of fibroblasts. *Looks similar to smooth muscle, but there are fewer nuclei than small muscle!
Function: attaches muscle to bones or other muscles, withstands tensile stress
Found in: tendons, most ligaments
Dense Elastic Connective Tissue
Lots of black elastic fibers (threads) running parallel to each other (squiggly worm threads, tree rings).
Function: allows recoil of tissue following stretching (like the passive recoil of lungs following inspiration)
Found in: aorta, large blood vessels
Osseous Connective Tissue
Hard, calcified matrix with many collagen fibers.
Osteon: ciruclar subunit of the bone
Central canal: center with blood vessels and nerves
Osteocytes: bone cells
Function: stores minerals, levers for muscles to act on
Found in: bones
Hyaline Cartilage Connective Tissue
Look for lacuna, which is the cavity inside which chondrocytes lie. The ECM is very smooth. *avascular
Function: Supports and reinforces
Found in: trachea, larynx
Elastic Cartilage Connective Tissue
Elastic fibers (lots!), cells packed closely together (much closer together than with hyaline cartilage.) *avascular
Function: very flexible
Found in: ear
Fibrocartilage Connective Tissue
Contains collagen fibers running parallel. Cells are further apart but the ECM is rough (not smooth like with hyaline. Looks like a water color of an ocean). *avascular
Function: absorbing shock
Found in: intervertebral discs
Blood (Connective Tissue)
Red and white blood cells in a fluid matrix (plasma). Red blood cell: erythrocyte. Small dots are platelets, which do the blood clotting.
Function: carry O2 and CO2 (don’t write that it carries nutrients!)
Found in: within blood vessels
Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Long, cylindrical, stratified, multiple nuclei in cells, striated!
Function: voluntary movement, locomotion
Found in: skeletal muscles attached to bones
Cardiac Muscle Tissue
Striated, BRANCHED with intercalated discs.
Function: contracts to propel blood into circulation, involuntary control
Found in: walls of the heart
Smooth Muscle Tissue
Spindle-shaped cells with central nuclei, arranged to form sheets. Sheet of pink, can’t necessarily distinguish individual cells. Lots of nuclei, no striations, no apical or basal surfaces. *Often confused with dense regular, but dense regular has fewer dots!
Function: propel substances along internal passageways (foodstuffs, urine)
Found in: mostly in the walls of hollow organs
