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*DOOS 2 > Lab Study Guide- Endocrine > Flashcards

Lab Study Guide- Endocrine Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

What labs would you check in primary testicular failure? (primary hypogonadism)

A

LH, FSH, testosterone, semen analysis

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2
Q

Decreased sperm count
Decreased LH
Decreased FSH
Decreased testosterone

A

Hypothalamic-pituitary abnormality

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3
Q

What should you measure next with hypothalamic-pituitary abnormality?

A

Measure prolactin

MRI of hypothalamic pituitary region

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4
Q

Decreased sperm count
Increased LH or FSH
Decreased or normal testosterone

A

Primary testicular abnormality

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5
Q

Decreased sperm count
Normal testosterone and LH
Normal or increased FSH
Sperm Present

A

Acquired Primary Hypogonadism

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6
Q 
Decreased sperm count
Normal testosterone and LH
Normal or increased FSH 
Sperm Absent
Absent Seminal Fluid frutose
A

Congenital absence of seminal vesicles and vas deferans

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7
Q 
Decreased sperm count
Normal testosterone and LH
Normal or increased FSH 
Sperm Absent
Present Seminal Fluid frutose
Normal testicular biopsy
A

Ductal obstruction

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8
Q 
Decreased sperm count
Normal testosterone and LH
Normal or increased FSH 
Sperm Absent
Present Seminal Fluid frutose
Abnormal testicular biopsy
A

Spermatogenic failure

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9
Q 
Decreased sperm count
Increased LH or FSH
Decreased or normal testosterone
No testes
Increased testosterone on hCG stimulation
A

Cryptorchidism

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10
Q 
Decreased sperm count
Increased LH or FSH
Decreased or normal testosterone
No testes
No increased testosterone on hCG stimulation
A

Anorchia

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11
Q

Decreased sperm count
Increased LH or FSH
Decreased or normal testosterone
Small, firm Testes present

A

Klinefelter’s

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12
Q

Decreased sperm count
Increased LH or FSH
Decreased or normal testosterone
Postpubertal size testes (normal and soft)

A

Acquired primary hypogonadism

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13
Q

Normal OGTT 2 hours postprandial

A

<140mg/dl

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14
Q

OGTT 2 hours postprandial diagnostic of DM

A

> or equal 200mg/dl

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15
Q

Diagnosis of impaired glucose tolerance if 2 hour postload OGTT

A

> or equal 140 and <200

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16
Q

If a nodule is “hot” after radionuclide scan, what should you do?

A

clinical follow-up with or without treatment depending on whether the patient is euthyroid or thyrotoxic

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17
Q

If a nodule is warm or cold after radionuclide scan and has suspicious cytology, what should you do?

A

raises question of cancer and necessitates surgical excision

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18
Q

What is a cold nodule?

A

Cold nodules are nonfunctioning; malignancy is associated with a cold nodule

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19
Q

What are warm or hot nodules?

A

Functioning thyroid nodules

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20
Q

Normal total T4

A

4.5-10.9 mcg/mL

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21
Q

Normal free T4

A

0.8-2.7 ng/dL

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22
Q

Normal total T3

23
Q

Normal TSH

24
Q

Elevated total T4, elevated free T4, elevated T3, decreased TSH

Study These Flashcards
A

Hyperthyroidism

25
What will labs look like for hypothyroidism?
Low Total T4 Low Free T4 Low total T3 High TSH
26
What is the most definitive test for thyroid cancer?
serum thyroglobulin measurements
27
What is diagnostic for diabetes insipidus?
DDAVP (synthetic vasopressin) intranasally that causes a 50% greater increase in urine osmolality
28
When you are diagnosed with DI by DDAVP what test should be done?
Evaluation of the pituitary and hypothalamus via MRI
29
Urine osmolality < plasma osmolality and <45% increase in urine osmolality for ____________ diabetes insipidus
nephrogenic DI
30
What are the parameters for diagnosis of neurogenic DI?
Urine osmolality > plasma osmolality | >50% increase in urine osmolality
31
What would you expect to see on labs if a DM patient is having nephropathy?
Proteinuria and HTN
32
_______ is inaccurate guide to degree of GFR impairment when screening for diabetic nephropathy
Measurement of SCr
33
In diabetic nephropathy, screening for proteinuria should be performed __________, starting at time of diagnosis for Type 2 and ________ after diagnosis in Type 1
Annually | 5 years after dx
34
What is the simplest method for screening microalbuminuria?
Ratio of protein (albumin) to Cr in random spot urine specimen (measurement correlates closely with 24 hour urinary protein estimates)
35
What would microalbuminuria be in 24 hours urinary protein estimates?
<300gm/24hours
36
What is the best tests to measure hypopituitarism?
IGF-1, plasma testosterone, TSH, Free T4, plasma cortisol response to synthetic ACTH
37
Diagnosis of pituitary tumors is confirmed by
MRI
38
What is Fine needle aspiration the initial evaluation of choice for?
Thyroid nodule patients
39
After FNA, you should do what for cystic and solid thyroid masses?
Ultrasound- assists in evaluating for size and cystic components Thyroid nuclear scans- to confirm functional state
40
Metastatic and follicular tumors associated with ______ serum thyroglobulin
Increase
41
Medullary tumors show what on labs?
increased serum calcitonin | CEA antigen
42
Thyroid US is useful for?
differentiating solid nodules vs cystic nodules (may help guide FNA as well)
43
FNA is useful for?
used to obtain thyroid cells for cytologic evaluation (differentiate benign vs. malignant disease)
44
What is the testing sequence for thyroid nodule?
FNA (if cytology is malignant- surgery) If benign- observe x1 year and follow up US If suspicious on US- radionucleotide scan of nodule uptake
45
Metformin is C/I with what 2 lab findings?
Cr >1.5 | Hepatic insufficiency
46
When can someone not be on Rosiglitazone and Pioglitazone (TZDs)?
ALT >2.5x ULN
47
What drug needs dose adjustments for CrCl?
DDP-4 Inhibitors (sitagliptin, saxagliptin)
48
If triclycerides >500mg/dL, what drug is C/I?
Colesevelam (WelChol)
49
With GLP-1 (Exenatide), you should use precaution if CrCl is what?
<30
50
Who should you never give TZD (rosiglitazone, pioglitazone) to?
NYHA class III or IV HF
51
When do you need to be on a statin if DM?
If HDL < 40 or high LDL
52
What is the goal BP of a diabetic?
130/80 | Treat with ARB or ACEI
53
What is goal BP of DM patient with renal insufficiency and proteinuira >1g/24hours?
125/75
54
What labs should you get for premature menopause?
Elevated FSH Elevated serum gonadotropin Low serum estradiol Estrogen deficiency symptoms (hot flashes, dry vagina)

*DOOS 2 (11 decks)

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