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Pharmacology 1+2 > Lab test 1 > Flashcards

Lab test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Underline the causative therapy(ies)

  1. Insulin for diabetes mellitus
  2. Parvo serum for a puppy with parvovirus enteritis
  3. Infusion for E.coli enteritis
A
  1. Parvo serum for a puppy with parvovirus enteritis
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2
Q

Underline the causative therapy(ies)

  1. Anti-inflammatory against bacterial dermatitis
  2. Thyroxine for hypothyreosis
  3. Antibiotic against Staphylococcus aureus otitis
A
  1. Antibiotic against Staphylococcus aureus otitis
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3
Q

Which growth promoters are inhibited in the EU?

A

Growth hormones, antibiotics 2, B2-agonists

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4
Q

If there is no veterinary-licensed-medicine available, what products in which order can be used?

A
  1. Authorised for the same condition but in another species, or for another condition within the same species
  2. A human medicine authorised or a veterinary medicine authorised in a European country
  3. Manufactured by a pharmacist or veterinary surgeon, followed the vets ppt.
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5
Q

There is a meat producer duck farm. You have Quinoflox 100mg suspension veterinary licensed medicine, licensed for hens and turkeys. The user info. says that the WP is 7 days for meat in hens, and 13 days for meat in turkeys. For egg producer animal it is not allowed to use. Can you use it? How many days is the WP?

A

Yes you can use it. WP = 28 days (meat)

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6
Q

What is metaphylaxis?

A

Combination of treatment and prevention. Mass medication of a herd to eradicate a disease.

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7
Q

Which particulars are necessary in a written requisition of the S2 and S3 DD´s?

A
  • The name, qualification and address of practitioner
  • The date (on which the requisition was written)
  • The purpose (for which the drug is required)
  • The quality and quantity of the product
  • Veterinarian’s own signature and qualification
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8
Q

What does AVM-GSL abbreviate?

A

Authorised Veterinary Medicine – General Sales List

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9
Q

What type of drugs can not be sold by the veterinarian if the animal is not under his care?

A

POM-V, POM, P - pharmacy medicines

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10
Q

MEDICINE USE

A

• Therapy
- individual (vet./humans)
- mass medication (farm animals)
- causative (eg. pneumonia->AB)
- symptomatic (eg. fever -> antiinflam., iv fluids)
- substitution (something is missing in the body, cant be prod., eg. iv, glucose, vitamins, thyroxine)
• Prevention - prophylaxis (eg. ectoparasites; advantix/spot-on)
• Metaphylaxis: treatment + prevention
• Growth promotion: probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics
• Diagnostics (eg. scabies; give treatment->if success->diagnosed for scabies)
• Euthanasia (eg. pentobarbital)

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11
Q

SOURCES of DRUGS USED in VETERINARY PRACTICE

A
  1. Real drugs
    - Veterinary-licensed medicines
    - Human-licensed medicines
    - Official (Pharmacopoeias) and Prepared medicines
    - Immunologicals (vaccines, serums, diagnostics)
  2. Drug-like substances (“non real drugs”)
    - Premixes (vitamins, microelements, drugs)
    - Biocides (disinfectant, insecticide, rodenticide)
    - Complementary products (herbal, homeopathic etc.)
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12
Q

The Drugs Cascade

A
  1. Veterinary Medicines Regulations (VMR)
  2. Authorised for the same condition but in another species, or for another condition within the same species
  3. A human medicine authorised or a veterinary medicine authorised in a European country
  4. Manufactured by a pharmacist or veterinary surgeon
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13
Q

Withdrawal period

A

o milk + egg 7 days
o meat 28 days
o fish 500 degree days (WP X Temp = DD-degree days)

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14
Q

Official and prepared medicines

A

Chemical substances, plant origin drugs, volatile oils, immunobiologicals, radioactive substances etc.

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15
Q

CLASSIFICATION of VETERINARY MEDICAL PRODUCTS

A
  1. Authorised Veterinary Medicine-General Sales List (AVM-GSL)
    - can be sold without any restrictions
    - Ø ppt required
  2. Non-Food Animal-Vets, Pharmacist, Suitably Qualified Person-(NFA-VPS)
    - can be sold in pharmacies by vet. or registered SQP
    - Ø ppt required
  3. Prescription-only Medicine-Vets -(POM-V)
    - can be sold in pharmacies only
    - can be sold by vet. (animal under his/her care, only min amount)
    - Controlled drugs (CD)
  4. Prescription-only Medicine-Vets, Pharmacist, SQP (POM-VPS)
    - Ppt can also be written by a pharmacist or a SQP operating from premises registered with VMD.
    - mainly for food prod. animals, meds for prevention
    - animal does not have to be under prescriber’s care
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16
Q

ESPA products

A
  • Exemption for Small Pet Animals (ESPA) products
  • for minor species of small animals
  • can be sold without any restrictions
17
Q

Dispensation of drugs depens on…

A
  • toxicity, therapeutic index
  • global impact (e.g. antibiotics)
  • hazard of abusal, hazard of addiction (CD-s)
18
Q

Dispensation of drugs can happen how?

A
  1. Different shops, retail dealers: only AVM-GSL and GSL meds for everyone
  2. Registered agricultural merchants (AM, AM): AVM-GSL, some POM-VPS (AM)
  3. Retail pharmacy: AVM-GSL, GSL, NFA-VPS, P meds for everyone, POM , POM-V, POM-VPS, meds according to valid ppt
  4. SQP: NFA-VPS, AVM-GSL
  5. Vet doctor: GSL, AVM-GSL meds for everyone, P, NFA-VPS, POM only for owner of animals or herds that are under the care of this vet (POM, POM-V)
19
Q

Which classes of vet. med. products can give meds for animal not under the care of vet

A

AVM-GSL, GSL*, NFA-VPS, POM-VPS

20
Q

Which classes of vet. med. products can give meds for animal under the care of vet

A

Everyone (AVM-GSL, GSL, NFA-VPS, POM-VPS, P, POM-V, POM*)

21
Q

Rules for dispensation of drugs for animal under her/his care

A
  • responsibility of the vet
  • the vet must see/visit the animal or herd
  • the vet must acquire an accurate picture of the
    health state of the animal or herd
22
Q

Record keeping is for…

A
  1. All veterinary treatments
  2. Every product intended for use in food-producing animals, where WP must be observed
  3. Controlled drugs
23
Q

The record must contain the followings…

A
  • date
  • precise identity of the medicinal product (including batch No.)
  • dosage administered, duration of treatment
  • name and address of farmer
  • name and address of (prescribing) veterinarian
  • withdrawal period
24
Q

When should records be made, and how long should they be kept?

A

Within 48 hours of the transaction and kept for a period of at least 5 years.

25
Q

Classification of controlled drugs

A

(based on decreasing order of stringency of control)
-Schedule 1 - Eg: cannabis, the amphetamines, hallucinogenic drugs e.g. LSD
-Schedule 2- eg. morphine, etorphine, fentanyl, pethidine, methadone, ketamine
-Schedule 3 - eg. buprenorphine, pentobarbitone, phenobarbitone
-Schedule 4 - eg. benzodiazepines e.g. diazepam
-Schedule 5 - Certain preparations of morphine, cocaine and codeine that contain less than a
specified amount of the drug

26
Q 
Which schedules of CDs require...
1. Special prescription
2. Written requisition
3. Record keeping
4. Safe custody
5. Destruction of unwanted
stock
6. Keeping of relevant invoices (for 2 years)
A
  1. Special ppt: S1, S2, S3
  2. Written requisition: S1, S2, S3
  3. Record keeping: S1, S2
  4. Safe custody: S1, S2, S3
  5. Destruction of unwanted stock: S1, S2
  6. Keeping of relevant invoices (for 2 years): All
    * transactions must be recorded in the CD register as well
27
Q

Recording of controlled drugs

A

Records should be made within 24 hours of the transaction and kept for a period of 2 years from the date of the last entry.

  • The CD-register must be either a computerized system or a bound book
  • Separate register must be kept for all premises
  • Separate part of register must be used for each drug
  • Entries must be indelible and made in chronological order
  • Entries must not be amended
28
Q

Safe custody - Obligatory for every S2 drug and buprenorphine (S3)

A
  • must be kept in a suitable locked receptacle
  • locked car is not considered to be a safe receptacle, additional locked unit has to be installed
  • locked receptacle can only be opened by a vet or a person that he authorized
  • one key to the receptacle to be kept at the person
  • only the minimum quantity of CD-s should be
    stored consistent with routine need and emergencies of the practice
29
Q

Medicines can be damaged by (have to be protected from):

A
  • Light (e.g. oxidation of vitamins, reduction of AgNO3)
  • Gases (e.g. O2 can make oxidation of vitamins)
  • Heat (e.g. immunbiological preparations)
  • Humidity (e.g. CaCl2, MgCl2, clavulanic acid)
  • Microbes (e.g. bacteria or fungi), breach for 28 days
30
Q

Storage of medicine:

  • Room temperature
  • Cool place
  • Refrigerated place
  • Deep-Frozen
A

Room temperature 15-25 ºC
Cool place 8-15 ºC
Refrigerated place 2- 8 ºC
Deep-Frozen - 15 ºC

31
Q

Characteristics of official and prepared medicines

A

E.g. chemical substances, plant origin drugs, volatile oils, immunobiologicals, radioactive substances

32
Q

Group B had a “trick” fish withdrawal period question where they gave you the degree days (200 for example) and told you they used a medicine designed for spearfish but gave it to salmon.

A

Therefore you need to use the standard WP for fish (500) so you just ignore the 200 DD that was given in the question

33
Q

What drugs are restricted?

A
  1. POM-V: Prescription-only Medicine-Vets

4. POM-VPS: Prescription-only Medicine-Vets, Pharmacist and SQP

34
Q

List the real drugs

A
  • Veterinary-licensed medicines
  • Human-licensed medicines
  • Official (Pharmacopoeias) and Prepared medicines
  • Immunologicals (vaccines, serums, diagnostics)
35
Q

Describe and give one example for preventive drug

A

Preventive medicine focuses on the health of individuals, communities, and defined populations. Its goal is to protect, promote, and maintain health and well-being and to prevent disease, disability, and death.
E.g. antiparasitics, vaccines

36
Q

If a fish lives in 15 degree water how long is the withdrawal period for a non-listed drug?

A

(WP X Temp = DD)
WP x 15 = 500
500 / 15 = WP = 33,33 days

37
Q

Group B had a “trick” fish withdrawal period question where they gave you the degree days (200 for example) and told you they used a medicine designed for spearfish but gave it to salmon.

A

Therefore you need to use the standard WP for fish (500) so you just ignore the 200 DD that was given in the question

38
Q

Write a prescription

A 
A.N. 
Other MRCVS 
Veterinary Surgeon 
12 Curdington Road 
Farnfield, Essex 
6 July 2008

Please supply for veterinary use
Injection of Pethidine hydrochloride
20x1 mL ampules containing 25 mg per mL

A.N. Other, M.R.C.V.S.

39
Q

What is contained in the Pharmacopoeia?

A

An official publication containing a list of medicinal drugs with their effects and directions for their use.
A stock of medicinal drugs.

Pharmacology 1+2 (25 decks)

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