lab10

Question 1

Where are spermatozoa produced?

Answer 1

In the seminiferous tubules of the testis

Question 2

why do the testis hang outside the abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 2

allow for proper sperm development at a temperature lower than that of the body core

Question 3

Where do spermatozoa mature and are stored

Answer 3

epididymis

Question 4

What do the ductus deferens do?

Answer 4

Carry sperm from the epididymis to the urethra and urogenital canal

Question 5

Where does the spermatic cord travel?

Answer 5

Through the inguinal canal to enter the abdominal cavity

Question 6

The inguinal canal is a common site for what?

Answer 6

hernia injuries

Question 7

What do the glands (prostate and bulbourethral) contribute?

Answer 7

Seminal fluids to the spermatozoa as they travel from the epididymis to the penis

Question 8

The glans penis is covered by what in uncircumcised males?

Answer 8

prepuce

Question 9

Eggs mature where and are released where?

Answer 9

Mature in the ovary and are released into the uterine tube

Question 10

Eggs are fertilized where and travel where for implantation?

Answer 10

Fertilized in the uterine tube and travel to the uterus wall

Question 11

What is different btw cats and female humans?

Answer 11

In humans the urethra opens to the body exterior separate from the vagina.
In cats the urethra and vagina merge terminally to form the urogenital canal

Question 12

What does the kidney do?

Answer 12

Filters and detoxifies the blood to form urine as the waste product

Question 13

What does the renal cortex do?

Answer 13

Filters blood

Question 14

/What does the renal medulla do

Answer 14

concentrates urine

Question 15

After urine reaches the medulla where does it go?

Answer 15

Drips out of the renal papillae and into the renal pelvis

Question 16

Where does urine collect?

Answer 16

Renal pelvis which is continuous with the ureter

Question 17

What does the ureter do?

Answer 17

Carries urine to the urinary bladder where it is stored before being expelled from the body through the urethra

Question 18

What are sperm?

Answer 18

flagellated haploid male gametes produced by the testes

Question 19

Where does the final perm maturation occur?

Answer 19

epididymis

Question 20

What do the testis produce?

Answer 20

Sperm and the male hormone testosterone

Question 21

What do the seminiferous tubules do?

Answer 21

develop sperm

Question 22

What do the interstitial cells (Leydig cells) do?

Answer 22

secrete testosterone

Question 23

What are sertoli cells?

Answer 23

support cells that are intermingled with the sperm-producing cells of the seminiferous tubules

Question 24

What is the penis comprised of?

Answer 24

Muscular and erectile tissue/ connective tussue, is highly vascularized

Question 25

What does the corpus spongiosum surround?

Answer 25

urethra

Question 26

What does the corpus cavernosa comprise?

Answer 26

most of the erectile tissue

Question 27

What is the corpus cavernosa encapsulated in?

Answer 27

connective tissue

Question 28

What is the urethra?

Answer 28

the tube that conveys urine from the bladder to the outside of the body

Question 29

What is the vagina?

Answer 29

thin walled canal between the outside of the body and the cervix

Question 30

What is the lamina propria

Answer 30

richly vascularized layer of connective tissue beneath the epithelial layer

Question 31

What is the cervix?

Answer 31

the inferior portion of the uterus leading to the vagina

Question 32

If an ovulated and fertilized egg enters the uterus, it can implant a zygote where and undergo what?

Answer 32

in the endometrium and undergo embryonic and fetal development until birth

Question 33

What happens during birth?

Answer 33

oxytocin is released from the neurohypophysis and it promotes uterine contractions of the myometrium

Question 34

Mature ovaries secrete what?

Answer 34

estrogen and progesterone

Question 35

Single oocytes are surrounded by what?

Answer 35

follicular cells

Question 36

what are primary follicles?

Answer 36

Relatively early stage follicles

Question 37

What is a Graafin follicle?

Answer 37

an enlarged follicle (filled with fluid) just prior to ovulation

Question 38

A ruptured follicle is what

Answer 38

the remnant of the Graafian follice after ovulation

Question 39

Atretic follicles are what?

Answer 39

follicles that have degenerated during their development

Question 40

After a corpus luteum degenerates what does it form?

Answer 40

A scar (corpora albicans) on the surface of the ovary

Question 41

What is the corpus luteum derived from?

Answer 41

ruptured ovarian follicle

Question 42

What does the corpus luteum secrete and what is the secretion for?

Answer 42

progesterone and estrogen to prime and maintain the uterus for the possibility of pregnancy

Question 43

What happens to the secretion of the corpus luteum if pregnancy ensures?

Answer 43

It continues to secrete estrogen and progesterone and its degeneration is delayed until its endocrine role is supplanted by the uterus

Question 44

What is an active mammary gland?

Answer 44

A dermal exocrine gland of the breasts that synthesize and secrete milk in pregnant women

Question 45

WHy are gland alveoli and ducts expanded?

Answer 45

due to milk production

Question 46

What do lactiferous ducts do?

Answer 46

carry milk from the lobes of the breast to the nipple

Question 47

How is the mammary gland activated?

Answer 47

Initiated by the adenohypophyseal hormone prolactin

Question 48

what is lactation

Answer 48

milk let down

Question 49

What is lactation mediated by?

Answer 49

the neurohypophyseal hormone oxytocin (stimulated by nursing)

Question 50

What does the inactive mammary display?

Answer 50

ducts and alveoli collapsed due to lack of milk production

Question 51

What do myoepithelial cells do?

Answer 51

surround the alveoli and promote the movement of the milk out of the alveoli and into the ducts

Question 52

What is a ureter

Answer 52

Tubular conduit for urine flow from the kidney to the bladder

Question 53

What are ureters comprised of?

Answer 53

fibrous tissue surrounding a layer of smooth muscle that in turn surrounds a layer of transitional epithelium that lines the lumen

Question 54

What motivates urine to flow

Answer 54

peristaltic contractions of the smooth muscle

Question 55

What allows for the flexibility of the lumen diameter?

Answer 55

transitional epithelium

Question 56

What do the Bowman's capsule do?

Answer 56

encapsulate the glomerulus and mark the entrance point of the filtrate into the proximal convoluted tubule

Question 57

What is the glomerulus composed of?

Answer 57

partially encapsulated ball of capillaries in the renal cortex at which site the filtrate emerges from the ciruclation into the tubules of the nephron

Question 58

Where are adrenal glands located

Answer 58

superior to each kidney

Question 59

What are the outer glandular cotex and inner medulla layer composed of?

Answer 59

outer cortex: epithelial tissue | medulla: neuroendocrine tissue

Question 60

What does the zona glomerulosa secrete?

Answer 60

mineralcorticoids | -Mainly aldosterone that regulates Na absorption and K secretion

Question 61

what does the zona fasciculata secrete?

Answer 61

glucocorticoids | -Mainly cortisol that regulates glucose, amino acid, and fatty acid metabolism during stress

Question 62

What does the zona reticularis secrete?

Answer 62

androgens

Question 63

What does the medulla synthesize?

Answer 63

catecholamines -mixture of epinephrine and norepinephrine whose secretion can be directly stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system during the initiation of the flight or fight response