Power Lab 4

Question 1

Where does gas exchange between air and blood occur?

Answer 1

Alveolar air sacs

Question 2

The efficiency of gas exchange is dependent on what?

Answer 2

ventilation

Question 3

What is ventilation?

Answer 3

cyclical breathing movements alternately inflate and deflate the alveolar air sacs

Question 4

What does inspiration do?

Answer 4

provides alveoli with some fresh atmospheric air

Question 5

What does expiration do?

Answer 5

removes stale air which has reduced oxygen and increased carbon dioxide concentrations

Question 6

Spirometry is the choice for what?

Answer 6

fast reliable screening of patients suspected of having chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Question 7

COPD is what

Answer 7

the 12th leading cause of death worldwide and the 5th leading cause in western countries

Question 8

Aspects of lung functioning can be determined by measuring what?

Answer 8

Airflow and the corresponding changes in lung volume

Question 9

How is Flow calculated?

Answer 9

F= dV / dt

Question 10

Airflow is now measured how?

Answer 10

Using a pneumotachometer

Question 11

What type of pneumotachometer is used in this experiment?

Answer 11

Lilly

Question 12

A complication in the volume measurement is caused by what?

Answer 12

the difference in air temperature between the spirometer pod (at ambient temperature) and the air exhaled from the lungs (at body temperature)

Question 13

Volume of gas expands with what?

Answer 13

warming

Question 14

What is tidal volume?

Answer 14

the specific volume of air that is drawn into and then expired

Question 15

What is the normal breathing frequency?

Answer 15

~15 respiratory cycles per minute

Question 16

What is the expired minute volume?

Answer 16

the amount of air exhaled in one minute of breathing

Question 17

How do you determine the expired minute volume?

Answer 17

multiplying the tidal volume and breathing frequency

Ve= f x Vt

Question 18

What is residual volume?

Answer 18

volume of air remaining in the lungs after a full expiration

Question 19

How does a spirometry work?

Answer 19

Measured by pneumotachometer and it detects pressure changes created

Question 20

Tidal volume

Answer 20

amount of air inhaled and exhaled with each breath under normal resting conditions

Question 21

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

Answer 21

Amount of air that can be inhaled from the lungs after a tidal inspiration

Question 22

expiratory reserve volume

Answer 22

Amount of air that can be evacuated from the lungs after a tidal expiration

Question 23

Residual volume

Answer 23

amount of air that remains in lungs even after a maximum expiration

Question 24

Inspiratory capacity

Answer 24

total amount of air that the lung can be inspired

starts from a bottom of a tidal wave

Question 25

How is inspiratory capacity calculated

Answer 25

IC= TV + IRV

Question 26

Functional Residual Capacity

Answer 26

Total amount of air remaining the in the lungs upon completion of a tidal expiration

Question 27

How is Functional Residual Capacity calculated?

Answer 27

FRC= ERV + RV

Question 28

Vital capacity

Answer 28

Total amount of exchangeable air in the lungs

Question 29

Total lung capacity

Answer 29

total amount of air in the lung

Question 30

Apnea

Answer 30

not breathing

Question 31

eupnea

Answer 31

"true" normal breathing rate

Question 32

hyperpnea

Answer 32

increase in ventilation that is matched to metabolic requirements

Question 33

Dyspnea

Answer 33

distress in breathing

Question 34

hyperventilation

Answer 34

increase in frequency and depth of ventilation that exceeds metabolic requirements

Question 35

CO2 and O2 diffusion btw the lungs and blood is determined by the difference in what?

Answer 35

partial pressure of each gas in each location

Question 36

what are the 2 phases of breathing?

Answer 36

inspiration and expiration

Question 37

What occurs during inspiration?

Answer 37

diaphragm contracts inferiorly and pushes into abdominal cavity external intercostals contract lifting ribs away from lungs Expand the thoracic cavity creating a drop in intrapulmonary pressure

Question 38

What occurs during expiration?

Answer 38

diaphragm relaxes and move superiorly and pushes into the abdominal cavity external intercostals relax allowing the ribs to move Both act to decrease the area of the thoracic cavity creating an increase in intrapulmonary pressure