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LABORATORY EVALUATION (Macroscopic) Flashcards

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1
Q

Media used for the cultivation of asporogenous yeasts

A

Acetate ascospore agar

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2
Q

This formulation is a better sporulation medium than sodium acetate

A

potassium acetate

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3
Q

stain used in acetate ascospore agar

A

Kinyoun carbol-fuchsin acid-fast stain

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4
Q

What species is seen in acetate ascospore agar?

A

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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5
Q

Medio used for the isolation of Cryptococcus spp. esp. C. neoformans and C. gattii which is unique in that they produce the enzyme phenol oxidase

A

Birdseed agar (syn. Niger seed agar)

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6
Q

true/false

Breakdown of substrate (Guizotia abyssinica seed or niger seeds) produces MELANIN which is absorbed into the yeast wall and imparts a tan to brown pigmentation of the colonies

A

true

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7
Q

reagent used in birdseed agar

A

chloramphenicol and creatinine

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8
Q

a selective agent that inhibits bacteria and some fungi

A

chloramphenicol

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9
Q

Enhances melanization of some strains of C. neoformans

A

creatinine

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10
Q

mediu used for the isolation and differentiation of candida spp.

A

Bismuth sulfite-glucose-glycine yeast (BiGGY) agar

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11
Q

true/false

Candida spp. reduce the bismuth sulfide (also acts as an inhibitor of bacterial growth) to bismuth sulfite which results in pigmentation

A

false

Candida spp. reduce the bismuth sulfite (also acts as an inhibitor of bacterial growth) to bismuth sulfide which results in pigmentation

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12
Q

nutritive bases of BiGGY

A

Peptone
Glucose
Yeast Extract

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13
Q

C. albicans vs C. tropicalis

in terms of color of colonies

A

C. albicans: Brown to balck colonies with no pigment and no sheen

C. tropicalis: Dark brown colonies with black centers, black pigment diffusion, and sheen

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14
Q

medium used for the cultivation and isolation of all fungi

A

Brain heart infusion agar (fungal formulation)

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15
Q

true/false

BHI contains 5% sheep red cell

A

false

10% kase

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16
Q

reagent used in BHI

A

chloramphenicol
gentamicin
cycloheximide

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17
Q

Inhibits overgrowth of saprophytic fungi

A

cycloheximide

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18
Q

An adaptation of birdseed agar.

A

Caffeic agar

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19
Q

what species is detected in caffeic agar?

A

C. neoformans, brown in color

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20
Q

medium used to distinguish C. neoformans from C. gattii

A

Canavanine-glycine-bromthymol blue agar

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21
Q

C. gattii vs C. neoformans C. neoformans var. neoformans

in terms of serotypes

A

C. gattii: serotype B and C

C. neoformans: serotype A

C. neoformans var. Neoformans: Serotype D

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22
Q

C. gattii vs C. neoformans C. neoformans var. neoformans

in terms of colonial color

A

C. gattii: cobalt blue

C. neoformans and C. neoformans var. Neoformans: greenish yellow

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23
Q

medium used for the isolation of clinically important yeasts

A

CHROMagar (BD BBL; BD Diagnostics Systems)

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24
Q

reagent used in CHROMagar

A

PEPTONE
GLUCOSE
CHLORAMPHENICOL

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25
species detected in CHROMagar
C. krusei C. glabrata
26
true/false CHROMagar is more sensitive than SDA and helpful in identifying mixed cultures of yeasts, and it may enhance the rapid assimilation of trehalose by C. glabrata.
true
27
true/false The medium is available with or without fluconazole, providing additional selection of fluconazole resistant viz., C. krusei
true
28
medium used in the presumptive identification of Cryptococcus, Trichosporon, Rhodotorula spp
Christensen's urea agar
29
It uses urea hydrolysis which facilitates the separation of certain dermatophytes viz., T. mentagrophytes and T. rubrum
christensen's urea agar
30
reagent used in christensen's urea agar
UREA phenol red
31
used for the cultivation and differentiation of T. mentagrophytes from T. rubrum on the basis of pigment production
Cornmeal agar with 1% dextrose
32
Used for the differentiation of Candida species on the basis of morphological characteristics.
Cornmeal agar with Tween 80
33
Used as the surfactant which is specifically incorporated in lieu of dextrose for the demonstration of pseudohyphal, chlamydospores, and arthrospores formation
Tween 80
34
Method used in for chlamydospore production wherein it is obtained by subsurface inoculation, or by placing a cover slip over the yeast inoculum, creating a microaerophilic environment
Dalmau method
35
used for the differentiation of Aspergillus spp
Czapek-Dox agar
36
These are the sole carbon and nitrogen sources in Czapek-Dox agar
Sucrose and sodium nitrate
37
Any bacteria or fungi that can use sodium nitrate as a nitrogen source can grow on this medium.
Czapek-Dox agar
38
For the recovery, selection, and differentiation of dermatophytes from keratinous specimens
Dermatophyte test medium (DTM
39
reagents used in DTM
Cycloheximide Chloramphenicol Phenol red indicator
40
true/false Medium is red and turns yellow with growth of dermatophyte.
false! baliktad and color beh
41
For the isolation and growth of lipo dependent Malassezia spp
Leeming and Notman medium
42
composition of Leeming and Notman medium
Ox bile Glycerol monostearate Glycerol Tween 80 Cow’s milk (whole fat)
43
Medium may serve as an alternative to SDA because not all species can grow in this medium
Leeming and Notman medium
44
These are species of malassezia that cannot grow in Leeming and Notman medium
M. globosa, M. restricta, M. obtusa
45
For the isolation of fungi from contaminated specimen.
Littman oxgall agar
46
the selective agents inhibiting bacteria in littman oxgall agar
Crystal violet and streptomycin
47
This restricts the spreading of fungal colonies.
oxgall
48
For the isolation of dermatophytes but also for the isolation of other pathogenic fungi from specimens contaminated with saprophytic fungi and bacteria
Mycobiotic or Mycosel agar
49
Stimulate conidium production by fungi and stimulates pigment production in some dermatophytes
Potato Dextrose
50
used with the slide culture technique to view morphological characteristics
Potato Dextrose
51
Incorporation of this in Potato Dextrose medium lowers the pH, thereby inhibiting bacterial growth.
tartaric acid
52
Used for the selective cultivation of yeasts, molds and aciduric bacteria
Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA)
53
reagents in SDA
Pancreatic digest of casein, peptic digest of animal tissue, dextrose at 4% conc. Buffered to a ph of 5.6 1. Chloramphenicol 2. Cycloheximide 3. Gentamicin 4. Ciprofloxacin 5. Penicillin and (or) Streptomycin
54
What did Emmons do to modify SDA?
modified the original formulation by reducing the dextrose conc’n. To 2% and adjusting the pH nearly to neutrality 6.9 to 7.0
55
Petri dish vs Test tube in terms of surface area
Petri dish: large (7,500 mm2) Test tube: small (1,500 mm2)
56
Petri dish vs Test tube in terms of oxygen supply
Petri dish: good Test tube: poor
57
Petri dish vs Test tube in terms of rate of drying
Petri dish: relatively fast Test tube: relatively slow
58
Petri dish vs Test tube in terms of security of closure
Petri dish: poor (lid is easily displaced) Test tube: good
59
Petri dish vs Test tube in terms of probability of dissemination
Petri dish: relatively large Test tube: relatively small
60
Petri dish vs Test tube in terms of detection of mixed culture
Petri dish: relatively easy Test tube: relatively difficult
61
incubation of fungal culture of Mold forms, most common temperature for incubation
25 C to 30 C
62
incubation of fungal culture of Opportunistic and dimorphic organisms
30 C
63
incubation of fungal culture of Conversion to yeast phase for dimorphic fungi
25 C to 37 C
64
growth rate: <5 days
rapid growers
65
growth rate: 8-10 days
intermediate growers
66
growth rate: >11 days
slow growers
67
texture appears leather-like, or waxy little mycelium, seems to merge with the aga
Glabrous
68
texture Resembles plush or suede, short aerial hyphae of equal length
Velvety
69
texture Resembles colonies of other Staphylococcus spp. (formerly CoNS), “bacteria like” but more dry and dull (waxy-pasty). No aerial mycelium, with a delicate fringe around the colonies in BAP
Yeast like
70
texture Wooly or “Floccose”, large quantities of long aerial hyphae that becomes entangled and may fill the entire petri dish
Cottony
71
texture Powdery due to heavy conidiation or sporulation, has even hyphae and abundant conidia
Granular
72
topography: Presence of radial groves from the center of the culture toward the rim
Rugose
73
topography: Random folds (long, short, parallel at right angles or combination)
folded
74
topography: Have central depression (concavity) surrounded by raised edges. Resembles S. pneumoniae colonies
Crateriform
75
topography: Have many warts or rough knobs on the surface
verrucose
76
topography: Brain-like convolutions
cerebriform
77
methods used in microscopic evaluation of growth in culture
tease mount dalmau method slide culture scotch tape method
78
Method of preservation of culture where conidia and spores form a fresh culture are washed off in sterile water and placed in labelled vials
Storage in water
79
Method of preservation of culture: Labelling glass tubes with a screw-capped and placed in a freezer (-70oC)
Freezing
80
Method of preservation of culture: Layering an entire slant with mineral oil, capping the tube tightly and storing at room temperature
Mineral oil overlays
81
Method of preservation of culture: Freeze drying with the use of special equipment (lyophilizer)
Lyophilization
82
methods in Immunologic identification of fungi
Immunodiffusion (ID) Countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Complement-fixation test (CFTs) Fluorescent-enzyme immunoassay (FEIA)
83
Found in the blood of patients with invasive fungal infections, and its ability to activate factor G of the horse-shoe crab coagulation pathways that allows it to be measured and quantified.
1,3-β-D-glucan
84
this method of immunologic identification has the ability to detect organisms that are present in small numbers of that cannot be cultured.
Nucleic acid testing
85
this method of immunologic identification offers the potential to identify pathogens in biopsy samples that have been formalin-fixed and even wax-embedded
Nucleic acid testing
86
this method of immunologic identification offers the potential to identify pathogens in biopsy samples that have been formalin-fixed and even wax-embedded
Nucleic acid testing
87
REVIEW MO NGA YUNG TABLE SA IMMUNOLOGIC IDENTIFICATION
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