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LABORATORY EVALUATION (Microscopic) Flashcards

(81 cards)

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1
Q

Stain used to distinguish fungi in thick mucoid specimens or in samples that contain keratinous material such as skin, hair, and nails.

A

Potassium Hydroxide

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2
Q

Reagent used to preserve specimen in Potassium Hydroxide Method

A

0.1% thimerosal

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3
Q

Digestive capabilities can be enhanced with gentle heating or addition of

A

40% dimethyl sulfoxide

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4
Q

Nails in Potassium Hydroxide method require what percentage?

A

up to 25%

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5
Q

An alternative to KOH

A

10% or 25% NaOH with added glycerinq

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6
Q

Visualization of specimens in KOH may be enhanced with the use of:

A

lactophenol cotton blue (LCB) or calcofluor white (CW)

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7
Q

This is a nonspecific, non immunological fluorochromes that binds to β-1,3 and β-1,4 polysaccharides (Cellulose and chitin) of fungal cell walls and fluoresces when exposed to UV or blue-violet radiation

A

Calcofluor White

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8
Q

true/false

KOH (10%) is mixed in equal proportion with CW solution

A

true

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9
Q

true/false

After incubation of specimen in CW procedure, clearing and interaction of stain with the fungal elements occur

A

false

DURING incubation

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10
Q

true/false

Dematiaceous fungi may stain poorly with CW due to pigmentation that masks the fluorescence.

A

true

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11
Q

Fungal elements of specimens in CW stain:

A

Bluish white to Green

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12
Q

Color of background in CW

A

dark

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13
Q

What specimen displays “double-parentheses like” in CW

A

P. jirovecii

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14
Q

true/false

Cotton fibers fluoresce strongly and must be differentiated from fungal hyphae.

A

true

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15
Q

true/false

auramine-rhodamine stain is more rapid than CW

A

false

MALI! baliktad!

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16
Q

Stain applied to BAL fluid or CSF

A

Rapid Giemsa-like

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17
Q

what is specifically used in rapid giemsa-like?

A

Diff-Quik

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18
Q

Yeasts and trophozoites stain what color in rapid giemsa-like?

A

blue purple

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19
Q

What differentiates Leismania from Histoplasma?

A

Kinetoplast

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20
Q

Used in the detection of encapsulated microorganisms of C. neoformans in CSF.

A

Colloidal Carbon wet mounts

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21
Q

What is specifically used in colloidal carbon wet mounts?

A

India ink and nigrosin

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22
Q

true/false

In lactophenol cotton blue, the organism is refractory to the particles of ink, and capsules appear as clear halos around the
organism against a black background.

A

false

Colloidal carbon wet mount!

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23
Q

What is the color of the specimen’s capsule and its background in colloidal carbon wet mount?

A

clear halo and black background

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24
Q

true/false

In colloidal carbon wet mounts, the sensitivity is 97% followed by lateral flow assay (94%) and CALAS (74%)

A

true

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25
Basic mounting medium for fungi
Lactophenol Cotton Blue
26
Commonly used for the microscopic examination of fungal cultures by tease or tape preparation.
Lactophenol Cotton Blue
27
What does lactophenol cotton blue consists of?
It consists of phenol, lactic acid, glycerol, and aniline (cotton) blue dye.
28
Clearing agent in LPCB?
lactic acid
29
killing agent in LPCB
phenol
30
Prevents drying in LPCB
Glycerol
31
Used for color in LPCB
Cotton blue
32
Analogous to cotton blue
Poirrier's blue and aniline blue
33
Color of the specimen in LPCB
blue
34
what is mixed with LPCB to make an excellent permanent stain or fixative for mounting slide culture preparations..
10% polyvinyl alcohol
35
Stain used for the examination of bone marrow, buffy coat, and peripheral blood smears.
Giemsa stain
36
Stain used for the detection of intracellular yeast forms of H. capsulatum and fission yeast cells of Talaromyces marneffei
giemsa stain
37
stock Giemsa stain diluted with
1:10 phosphate buffered H2O
38
Color of cells in giemsa stain
Light to dark blue with hyaline halo - Hyaline halo is due to poorly staining cell wall
39
Stain used for detection of bacteria and fungi
Gram Stain
40
Species that stains gram positive
Yeasts and pseudohyphae stain gram
41
species that stains gram negative
Hyphae (septate and coenocytic)
42
true/false Cryptococcus spp. often have red amorphous material around yeasts.
false orange duh!
43
Filaments of Nocardia stain at least partially acid-fast (pink or dark pink) in this stain
Modified acid fast
44
These species are negative in modified acid fast
Actinomyces and other actinomycete
45
Stain used for the detection of P. jirovecii in respiratory specimens such as lung biopsy specimen imprints and BAL specimens.
Toluidine blue
46
In toluidine blue, cyst walls of P. jirovecii stain
reddish blue or dark purple.
47
background color in toluidine blue
light blue background
48
true/false trophozoites are often clumped and may be punched in, appearing crescent shaped. while cysts are not discernible.
false baliktad! luh di nag-aaral
49
Stain used primarily to detect malignant cells. But it works well in sputum smears and good for differentiation of dimorphic fungi.
papanicolau
50
Background in papanicolau stain
green blue, orange to pink hues depending on the cell type.
51
It is a mucopolysaccharide stain that is not commonly used. The more commonly used one is mucicarmine stain
alcian blue
52
stain that is useful in visualizing the polysaccharide capsule of Cryptococcus.
alcian blue
53
Cryptococcus neoformans' capsule stain what color
turquoise blue
54
In general, cryptococcus' capsule stain what color
blue
55
What color is the background in alcian blue for histological sections of tissue?
pink
56
General purpose histologic stain.
Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)
57
stain that allows observation of natural pigments of fungi.
Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)
58
Best stain to demonstrate host tissue reaction and pigment of dematiaceous fungi.
Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)
59
Fungal cytoplasm and nuclei stain what color in H&E
pink; blue
60
what phenomenon is seen in basidiobolus and sporothrix that are stained with H&E?
splendore-hoeppli
61
What does periodic acid shiff stain?
glycogen
62
Color of fungi in PAS stain
pink to red purple
63
it demonstrated the double-contoured refractile walls in PAS stain
Blastomyces dermatitidis
64
Fungal stain of choice of many dermatopathologists
Periodic Acid Shiff
65
Pneumocystis jirovecii stain gray to black in what type of stain?
Gomori methenamine silver
66
background for gomori methenamine silver
green
67
true/false gomori methenamine silver often stains fungi too shallow to observe structural details.
false too DENSELY
68
This type of stain stains mucin
Mucicarmine
69
stain the cell walls of Blastomyces dermatitidis and Rhinosporidium seeberi.
Mucicarmine
70
Useful for differentiating C. neoformans (gattii) from other fungi
mucicarmine
71
cryptococcus stain what color in mucicarmine?
pinkish red
72
Rhinosporidium seeberi stain what color in mucicarmine>
yellow
73
stain used for the detection of melanin of dematiaceous fungi and C. neoformans.
Fontana-Mason
74
C. neoformans’ cell walls appear as brown to black in this stain
Fontana-Mason
75
background color of fontana-mason
pale pink
76
true/false It was originally thought to stain only dematiaceous fungi and C. neoformans (organisms that contain melanin), but it has now been shown to stain variably, but less intensely, A. fumigatus, A.. flavus, Trichosporon spp., Fusarium chlamydosporum, some Mucorales
true
77
Gram stain for bacteria; demonstrates the bacterial filaments of the actinomycetes, eg., Nocardia, Actinomadura
Brown and Brenn
78
Specific method for detecting fungi in body fluids.
Fluorescent antibody stain
79
fluorescein-labeled Ab reacts with fungal antigen in the cell wall.
direct technique
80
unlabeled Ab complexes with fungal antigens. Fluorescein-labeled conjugate reacts with globulins attached to fungal antigens. Cell walls turn yellow-green.
indirect technique
81
Technique which is specific and highly sensitive, and can also be used to detect & measure antibodies.
immunoperoxidase technique

Mycology (5 decks)

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