Laboratory techniques in anatomic pathology.

Question 1

Techniques in pathology

 These are varied and rapidly increasing in number. Some of the commonly used techniques in the examination of tissues are:
 ________ microscopy
 ________ microscopy
 ________ ________
 ________ culture
 ________ ________ techniques

Answer 1

 Light microscopy
 Electron microscopy
 Flow cytometry
 Tissue culture
 Molecular pathology techniques

Question 2

Light microscopy: can either be

 _____chemistry
 _____________chemistry

Answer 2

Histo

immunohisto

Question 3

Light Microscopy

This can be likened to what clinical
examination is to the clinician. It however has 2 disadvantages

1)Resolution is limited to _______________ usually about _______nm

2)Living tissue are ___________ you
therefore need to _____________ to see cellular details. This means that only ________________ can be examined exception is ______ stain a _______ stain for _____________ in leucocytes. They are rapidly killed of by the stain. But This is overcome using
 ______________
 ___________________ microscopy

Answer 3

the wavelength of the light ; 250nm

Transparent; stain the tissues

dead tissues ; Janus; supravital

mitochondria; Dark field illumination

Phase contrast

Question 4

Light Microscopy

In histopathology the tissues are first fixed and processed either by the _________ section technique or by the _________ section technique before being stained (_________) and examined under the light
microscope

Answer 4

paraffin

frozen

Histochemistry

Question 5

Fixation can be defined as the ____________ of biological tissues from _________ due to ____________ or ____________.

Answer 5

preservation

decay ; autolysis

putrefaction.

Question 6

Properties of an idea fixative

 Preserves tissue by preventing __________ by __________ and __________ by the actions of bacteria and molds

 (Softens or Hardens?) tissue to allow __________
 Devitalize or inactivates infectious agents except for __________, causing __________
 __________ tissue components
 Enhances __________ for dyes

Answer 6

autolysis ; cellular enzymes ;
decomposition

Hardens ; thin sectioning

prions ; Creutzfeldt–Jakob (CJD)

Stabilizes ; avidity for dyes

Question 7

Undesirable properties of Fixation

 Alteration of _________ structure

 _________ of tissue components
 _________ of tissues
 _________ degradation

Answer 7

protein

Solubility

Shrinkage

DNA and RNA

Question 8

factors affecting Fixation

List 6

Answer 8

 Volume
 Access of fixative to tissues
 Time
 Temperature
 Buffer
 pH

Question 9

Types of Fixatives

List 5

Answer 9

 Aldehydes
 Alcohols
 Mercurial
 Oxidizing agents
 Picrates.

Question 10

Examples of Fixatives

 Most used fixative is ____%
________________ or ________________

 Others
 Boiun’s solution for _________ small
biopsies will also decalcify
 Carnoy’s contains ___________ for
________________. Dissolves _______
good for identifying ____________
 B-5 for _____________ tissues

Answer 10

10% buffered formal saline or
Formalin

testis ; alcohol ; rapid processing

fat; lymph node

lymphoid tissues

Question 11

Examples of fixatives

 ______________ for testis

___________ , good for identifying lymph node
______ for lymphoid tissues

Answer 11

Boiun’s solution

Carnoy’s; B-5

Question 12

Steps in tissue processing

Go!!!!

Answer 12

 Fixation
 Grossing
 Processing
 Embedding
 Microtomy
 Staining
 Mounting

Question 13

Grossing of samples

This is key to getting a good and accurate
result.

Usually done by the __________ or an
Anatomic Pathology __________ with the requisite training.

Number of sections taken depends on the
___________ and the ______________.

Answer 13

pathologists; assistant

type of sample

clinical indication