Labs: Reptile, Fish, & Avian

Question 1

Why is it important to know POTZ of each reptile patient? (list 3 out of 6)

Answer 1

1. Affects drug absorption
2. Metabolism
3. Elimination
4. Shedding
5. Immune health
6. Digestion

Question 2

Why are injections given in the cranial half of the patient?

Answer 2

The renal portal system may clear drug immediately from the body

Question 3

Why are horizontal beam radiograph techs utilized for the lateral view of the reptile patient?

Answer 3

1. Minimize displacement of the organs
2. Fluid line of pneumonia (turtles)
3. Difficult to position patients in lateral recumbency!

Question 4

What is a pillow case used for?

Answer 4

Restraint for snakes and radiographs

Question 5

What are rubber spatulas used for?

Answer 5

Oral examination of reptiles atraumatically

Question 6

What is a pedestal used for?

Answer 6

Turtle restraint and radiographs

Question 7

Identify IM injection and venipuncture sites for the snake.
(Use the most appropriate diagrams for each technique)

Answer 7

1. IM: Epaxial
2. Venipuncture: Cardiocentesis, Ventral coccygeal vein

Question 8

Identify IM injection and venipuncture sites for the lizard.
(Use the most appropriate diagrams for each technique)

Answer 8

1. IM: Triceps & Quadriceps
2. Venipuncture: Tail vein

Question 9

What is recommended safety equipment needed when performing a fish necropsy? Why?

Answer 9

1. Eye protection
2. Gloves
3. Gown
4. Mask
5. Table cover
6. Shoe covers
   To prevent spread of disease to others/self and contamination of samples

Question 10

When collecting microbiology samples, where are samples collected from & when? (fish)

Answer 10

1. Culture lesions
2. Gut, Liver, Kidneys
3. GI samples last

Question 11

Regarding fish:
1. When collecting toxic samples, what is collected & how is it stored? (5)
2. When collecting histopathology samples, how are they stored & shipped?
3. Cytology?

Answer 11

1. Stomach contents, urine, & blood - Frozen
   - Liver & kidneys in formalin - Frozen
2. 10:1 formalin : tissue
   - Leak proof container & double bagged (separate from cytology samples)
3. Slide cases, fixed, & unstained.
   - Wrap them to prevent contamination

Question 12

What is general necropsy protocol (in order) when evaluating a body of any species? (fish)
(5-7)

Answer 12

External exam
Internal exam
1. Midline incision
2. Thorax
3. Abdomen
4. Neuro system
5. GI tract

Question 13

Label the parts of the feather

Answer 13

Question 14

What is the structural difference between a contour & semiplume feather?

Answer 14

Semiplume have no barbules while contour do as they are used for flying

Question 15

Identify the feather

Answer 15

Contour

Question 16

Identify the feather

Answer 16

Semiplume

Question 17

Identify the feather

Answer 17

Down

Question 18

Identify the feather

Answer 18

Filoplume

Question 19

What special feather must you never trim and why?

Answer 19

Blood feather
If cut, they may bleed to death due to continuous blood supply to that feather

Question 20

Label the parts of the avian gi and urinary tracts:
-Crop -Gizzard -Proventriculus
-Small intestine -Cloaca -Kidneys
-Cecae -Vent -Liver
-Esophagus

Answer 20

Question 21

Label the following bones on the diagram.
-Keel -Coracoid -Clavicle (wishbone)
-Humerus -Ulna -Femur
-Tibiotarsal -Tarsometatarsal

Answer 21

Question 22

Identify each and describe their use (avian)

Answer 22

A. Oral speculum: Hold bird’s mouth open
B. Gavage tube: Administer liquids into CROP!
C. Restraint jacket: Restrain wings of bird
D. Perch: For standing
E. Dremmel: File & round nails / beak