Lachmans TEST REVIEW (PERSONAL Head/Neck) (Part 2) Flashcards
(32 cards)
What are the bony surfaces that form the TMJ?
Superiorly: Anterior mandibular fossa and articular tubercle
Inferiorly: Condylar head of the mandible
What does the lateral (temporomandibular) ligament do?
Runs from the zygomatic process to the lateral/posterior mandible neck
Limits backward movement of the mandible
What are the main movements of the TMJ?
Depression (mouth opening)
Elevation (mouth closing)
Protrusion (forward)
Retrusion (backward)
Grinding (side-to-side gliding)
What muscle performs forward motion (protrusion) of the TMJ?
Lateral pterygoid
What muscles are involved in depressing the mandible (opening the mouth)?
Digastric
Mylohyoid
Infrahyoid muscles
What muscles are involved in closing the mouth (elevation)?
Masseter
Temporalis
Medial pterygoid
What muscle is responsible for retrusion of the mandible?
Posterior/inferior portion of the temporalis muscle
What muscles are responsible for the grinding motion of the TMJ?
Right and left lateral pterygoid muscles, working alternately.
What nerve provides sensory innervation to the TMJ?
Auriculotemporal nerve, a branch of CN V3 (mandibular division of trigeminal nerve)
What muscles are commonly injured in flexion injuries of the neck?
Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
Rectus capitis anterior
Longus capitis
Which ligaments are injured during hyperextension of the cervical spine?
Anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL)
Which ligaments are injured during hyperflexion of the cervical spine?
Posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL)
Interspinous ligament
Supraspinous ligament
Ligamentum flavum
What happens if the nucleus pulposus herniates posterolaterally?
May compress a spinal nerve, causing pain, weakness, or sensory changes.
How can trauma to the intervertebral foramina and synovial joints affect nerves?
Disc protrusion may compress nerves, especially in degenerative changes.
What vascular injury can occur with hyperextension of the cervical spine?
Vertebral artery trauma
What forms the brachiocephalic vein, and where is it located?
Union of the subclavian vein and internal jugular vein (IJV)
it lies posterior to the sternoclavicular (SC) joint.
What structures tether the subclavian vein and prevent its collapse?
Periosteum of the posterior clavicle (medial 1/3)
Costoclavicular ligament
Fascia of the subclavius and anterior scalene muscles
What is the landmark triangle for accessing the IJV?
Medial border of the clavicular head of SCM
Lateral border of the sternal head of SCM
Superior aspect of the medial 1/3 of the clavicle
→ The apex of this triangle is the entry point.
What fascial structure encloses the internal jugular vein (IJV)?
Carotid sheath.
What layers lie superficial to the IJV?
Skin
Superficial fascia
Platysma
Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
What muscle divides the neck into anterior and posterior triangles?
Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck?
SCM
Mandible
Midline of the neck
What are the four subdivisions of the anterior triangle?
Digastric (submandibular) triangle:
Submental triangle
Carotid triangle
Muscular triangle
at are the boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck?
SCM (anterior)
Trapezius (posterior)
Clavicle (inferior)
