lake district Flashcards
(14 cards)
how it was formed
- 18,000 years ago, valley glaciers eroded underlying rocks to create features e.g. u-shaped valleys
-relict glaciated landscapes found in low lying areas that were covered by glacial deposits e.g. boulder clay of holderness
main economic activites
-tourism (creates 16,000 jobs)
-farming
-water storage and forestry
positive impacts for economic activity - farming
-fell tops over 600m (60% land) used for sheep grazing in summer
-lower slopes (30% land), fields seperated by dry stone walls, used for raising sheep between autumn and spring
-flat valley floor (10% of land) most sheltered and fertile land used for growing winter feed crops for jobs like shearing, keeping few cattle
negative impacts of economic activity
-additional tourist traffic causes congestion and pollution
-jobs in tourism industry often poorly paid and seasonal
-increased housing demans (often holiday homes) means house prices increase = locals can’t afford to buy houses here - 1/5 homes are second homes
negative impacts of economic activity - footpath erosion
-walkers destroy vegetation and compact soil = reduces infiltration rates
-exposed soil more easily washed away by heavy rain
-gullies form along paths = channel even more water and cause more erosion
-when walkers avoid badly eroded paths = widen paths
-increased storms likely worsen problem
-Lake District National Park Authority (LDNPA) repair paths for 40 years = slow and expensive
positive impacts for economic activity - water storage
- Dam at northern end of Thirlmere constructed by Manchester corporation in late 19th century to provide water for citys expanding pop.
-96mile aquaduct first connected in 1894 - built to carry water from thirlmere to Manchester and still in use but also carries water from Haweswater
positive impacts for economic activity - forestry
-land surrounding thirlmere is forested = reducing soil erosion and generates income from selling timber
-reservoir and its surrounding forest are both managed by United Utilities who are responsible for looking after wildlife and protecting resevoir from pollution
climate change threats
-drier hotter summers & warmer wetter winters, extreme weather events
- loss of indigenous plants & species (affect food chains)
-heavy rain = wash more soil & farm chemicals into lakes = eutroph.
-roads and properties damaged or flooded
- more insect species e.g. midge which can infect cattle with bluelong disease
- gradual movements of habitats from lower to higher altitudes making those at higher altitudes more vulnerable and smaller
how climate change is being tackled
- 2008 Lake District initiative launched = work with local businesses, communities, and other agencies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and prepare for impacts
LDI create low carbon LD with these initiatives:
- using low carbon budget measures carbon emission from local area - works to meet reduction targets
-Golakes travel programme = aim of transforming how visitors get around central/southern LD
-planning policies to meet highest energy efficiency standards - intergrate low carbon energy generation where possible
vision for 2030
-LD will be inspirational national example of sustainable dev.
-local people, visitors & many orgs. working in LD or who contribute to make it must be united
-sustainable dev = protect env. while still attract tourists
-protect locals from holiday homes
-maintain traditional industries
-prosperous economy, world class visitor experience, vibrant communities come together to sustain landscape, wildlife, & cultural heritage
vision for 2030 how to create prosperous econ, world class visitor experience, vibrant communities, and maintain wildlife /landscape
econ = businesses in LD for opportunities, value env, and lifestyle offered - traditional industries maintained
visitors = develop lake culture, installing new steamer jetties on Lake Windemere - negotiate return of Cumbrian stage in tour of Britain bikes
comm = limit holiday home ownerships, improve access and travel in central lakes - develop car parking strategy
landscape = improve/protect water bodies, improving biodiversity - assessing value/benefits of land and agreeing priorities for its management - bidding for wolrd heritage status for lake district National park in 2016
stakeholders
- local residents
-national gov
-farmers
-NGO’S
-LDNPA
-landowners
stakeholders role
-LDNPA manage area, conserve/enhance natural beauty, wildlife, cultural heritage, and promote econ opportunities
16mil visitors and tourguides
LD NP partnership - representatives from public, private communites, and voluntary sectors for best interest
legislative framework protecting area
national park since 1951
-can be removed as national park status in some countries if they dont meet standards so not always properly protected
