LANDERS TASTE AND SMELL II

Question 1

what are the three cranial nerves for taste?

Answer 1

CN 7,9,10

Question 2

how do taste receptors identify substances?

Answer 2

need an aqueous media to identify substances

Question 3

what is the main NT for taste?

Answer 3

serotonin

Question 4

CN VII?

Answer 4

anterior 2/3s of tongue and palate

associated with the chorda tympanic nerve associated also with genicular ganglia

Question 5

CN IX?

Answer 5

posterior 1/3 tongue

Question 6

CN X?

Answer 6

root of tongue

sulcus terminalis divides the anterior 2/3s from post 1/3

Question 7

where do the second order cells of the taste receptors lie?

Answer 7

superior portion of the solitary nucleus

gustatory nucleus (upper) lower portion (visceral)

Question 8

why are NTs required?

Answer 8

taste buds do not have direct connection to the 1st order cell body in the ganglia

Question 9

this taste sensation is located on the posterior tongue at the root?

Answer 9

bitterness

Question 10

this taste sensation is found on the middle sides of the tongue?

Answer 10

sourness

Question 11

this taste sensation is found on the anterior sides of the tongue?

Answer 11

saltiness

Question 12

this taste sensation is found on the anterior tip of the tongue?

Answer 12

sweetness

Question 13

what are the five types of papilla on the tongue?

Answer 13

filiform
fungiform
foliate
vallate

Question 14

this type of papilla has nothing to do with taste?

Answer 14

filiform

Question 15

this type of papilla is the largest amount of associated taste buds?

Answer 15

fungiform

Question 16

this type of papilla is found on the sides of the tongue or lateral border and this disease is what turns the tongue white?

Answer 16

foliate

hyperkeratosis

Question 17

this type of papilla are the taste buds?

Answer 17

vallate

Question 18

this nerve is a branch of the trigeminal nerve but has no taste components

Answer 18

lingual nerve

Question 19

where do the taste components come from?

Answer 19

chorda tympani which run with the lingual and is a branch of the facial nerve

Question 20

these specific types of taste bind to and block ion channels

this type of taste will be bitter and usually signifies poisons

this type of taste receptor binds to membrane receptors which activate 2nd messengers that open or close channels

Answer 20

sour and bitter

alkaline

sweet, bitter, umami

Question 21

this specific taste rxn is for animals looking for sources of energy intake

increases cAMP internal Ca++

blocks selective K+ channels

Answer 21

sweet taste rxns

Question 22

this specific taste rxn is associated with osmolarity/concentration

blocked by amiloride

controls blood pressure and the distal convoluted tubule affects the sodium channel

Na channels open leading to calcium entry into cell, release of serotonin

Answer 22

saltiness taste rxns

Question 23

this specific taste rxn is proton induced, directly related to pH, H+ can permeate through Na+ channels and depolarize the receptor cell, blocks K+channels and also uses amilioride

H+ inhibits K+ channels so depolarization occurs and calcium inters the cell so serotonin is released

Answer 23

sourness taste rxns

Question 24

this specific taste rxn os used to indicate poison or toxin detectors

binds and blocks K+ channels and opens voltage gated calcium channels

Answer 24

bitterness taste rxns

Question 25

this specific taste rxn is when you have glutamate binding cation channels, inotropic glutamate receptor, opens voltage gated Ca++ channels;s MSG like a cardiac cell

Answer 25

umami taste rxns

Question 26

what is the release of serotonin in relation to taste?

Answer 26

primary NT for taste sensation

Question 27

what is the order of processing taste sensation?

Answer 27

tongue gustatory nucleus VPM gustatory cortex

Question 28

this disorder of taste is loss of taste due to damage of receptors, smoking, cranial nerve lesions?

Answer 28

aguesia

Question 29

this disorder of taste is distortion of taste sensation? ``` i.e. of causes xerostomia zinc amytriptyline vincristine ```

Answer 29

dysgeusia

Question 30

this type of dysgeusia is when you have dry mouth caused by thiazide diuretics?

Answer 30

xerostomia

Question 31

this type of dysgeusia occurs when you take this type of supplement?

Answer 31

zinc

Question 32

emotional diseases treated with this medication can result in dysgeusia?

Answer 32

amytriptyline

Question 33

chemotherapy treated with this medication can result n dysgeusia?

Answer 33

vincristine

Question 34

this aura occurs as a result when a person tastes something right before having a seizure?

Answer 34

gustatory auras

Question 35

what are the examples of gustatory hallucinations?

Answer 35

encephalitis- inflammation of brain lesions of temporal and parietal cortex- superior temporal gyrus psychosis- altered mental status