Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology 102 > Language > Flashcards

Language Flashcards

1
Q

Language

A

A set of symbols used to convey a meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Generating words in a structured and comprehensible manner

A

Language production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The creative process of creating new sentences each time we speak instead of reusing old one from a memory bank.

A

Generative language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The expression of language through sounds

A

speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The ability to understand vocalizations or gestures

A

language comprehension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The general building blocks of language

A

phonology, semantics, syntax, pragmatics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The smallest unit of sound that can be described as a word

A

phonemes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The smallest unit of language that conveys meaning

A

morphemes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The meaning of a word

A

semantics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The dictionary definition of a word that may change overtime

A

lexical meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How the structure of the sentence changes the meaning of the word

A

syntax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The part of expressing the meaning of a word or sentence through non verbal communication

A

pragmatics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is non-verbal communication aquired?

A

It is aquired automatically by observation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How fast does vocabulary and production level grow?

A

A baby’s vocabulary increases three times as fast as their production level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Between 2 to 4 months old babies learn the phonemes of the languages they hear

A

Prevocal learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

At 2 months of age babies attempt vocalizations and practicing sounds

A

Cooing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

At 6 months babies test putting vocalizations together, but these vocalizations are often meaningless

A

Babbling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

At about 1 year old, a baby begins to say simple words and can understand about 50 words

A

first words

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Speaking in short sentences with simple meaning and many grammar inconsistencies

A

Telegraphic speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

at 3 years of age, a child understands the practicalities of language use,

A

pragmatics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

at age 4, children have learned language rules without any education

A

grammar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Effects of socio-economics on language development

A

The more impoverished a child is the less communication they receive from their parents and they also receive more prohibitions. The child is likely to be more academically stunted.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When is it best to learn a second language?

A

Before the age of 13

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

A window of time when certain influences must occur for the appropriate formation of the brain

A

critical period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

A window of time where the brain is more susceptible to influences.

A

sensitive period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Language acquisition occurs throughout life

A

sensitive period learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

initial language influence required for appropreate brain development in childhood

A

critical period of learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

B.F. Skinner

A

Theory suggests that by praising a child for producing coherant speech, the child can be conditioned to talk.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Experience enhances the biological development of language learning. If a baby is not exposed to phonemes, the capacity to distinguish phonemes diminishes.

A

Interactive theories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Slow, high-pitched voices

A

child-directed speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Effects of formal education on grammar

A

when a child is aware of the rules of a language, they are more likely to make mistakes. This is referred to as overregulation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Reading aquisition

A

Occurs around 5 or 6 years old and is trained through formal education. After reading is aquired, it becomes automatic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What hemisphere of the brain is language associated with.

A

left.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

section of the frontal lobe associated with language production.

A

broca’s area

35
Q

The inability to produce coherent speech

A

Broca’s aphasia

36
Q

section of the temporal lobe associated with language comprehension

A

werinke’s area

37
Q

An impairment to understand verbal auditory communication.

A

Werinke’s aphasia

38
Q

a symptom of broca’s aphasia where a person cannot form grammatical sentences

A

agrammatism

39
Q

Brain area for profanity

A

amygdala

40
Q

Brain area for understanding figurative language

A

right hemisphere

41
Q

Picturing things in your mind

A

Mental imagery

42
Q

Examples of thinking without the use of words

A

mental imagery and spatial navigation

43
Q

Visual imagery used to solve problems by imagining them.

A

spatial navigation

44
Q

The vocabulary used for certain objects or concepts influence the way we think about them.

A

Linguistic relativity hypothesis

45
Q

Evidence for linguistic relativity hypothesis

A

The words used to describe colours across cultures change the number of colour categories a person can communicate.

46
Q

Evidence for linguistic relativity hypothesis

A

The words used to describe colours across cultures change the number of colour categories a person can communicate.

47
Q

Executive function

A

the ability to control and manage mental processing

48
Q

dysexecutive syndrom

A

impairments in the ability to control mental activities

49
Q

determining how to reach a goal

A

problem solving

50
Q

Problems that have one distinct answer or solution

A

well-defined problems

51
Q

Problems that don’t have a defined answer

A

ill-defined problems

52
Q

A problem solving strategy that can solve the problem every time by following certain steps

A

algorithm

53
Q

Shortcuts strategies like estimating

A

heuristic

54
Q

A eurika moment

A

insight

55
Q

The tendency to use problem-solving strategies that have always worked in the past

A

mental set

56
Q

The tendency to vieww objects as only having one use or function

A

functional fixedness

57
Q

the tendency to only look for information that meets our expectations and disregard anything that does not

A

confirmation bias

58
Q

the assumption that individuals who share one characteristic must have other similar characteristics

A

representativeness heuristic

59
Q

Assuming that more easily recalled events are more common

A

avalibility heursitic

60
Q

Thinking about one’s own thoughts

A

metacognition

61
Q

the awareness of one’s own mental states

A

theory of mind

62
Q

Episodic knowledge

A

this is gaining knowledge by engagement and experience

63
Q

Template theory

A

using exemplars to form a structure by matching something new to something in memory

64
Q

The process of selecting certain characteristics to create a catagory

A

perceptual tuning

65
Q

Compairing all the characteristics of the exemplars to the ideal to make a category

A

prototype theory

66
Q

What is the process of integrating new information in episodic knowledge?

A

When new information is added that doesn’t fit the prototype, the catagory reverts back to a template to reorganize the characteristics

67
Q

A mental representation of connected ideas of feature

A

Semantic knowledge

68
Q

Compairing all the features to group items

A

Compassion model

69
Q

Features that are necessary for the meaning of the item

A

defining features

70
Q

features that are descriptive, but not essential to knowing what the item is

A

characteristic features

71
Q

A decrease in time to group items due to one item not matching the defining features of the others

A

Atypically effect

72
Q

The meaning of a word

A

semantic

73
Q

Word associations that create a categorial structure

A

semantic networks

74
Q

What can word associations be?

A

concepts (abstract), properties (traits)

75
Q

Estimation of an event based on previous similar events

A

representative heuristic

76
Q

using the parameters/probability of an event to find the solution

A

probability algorithems

77
Q

What is creative problem solving?

A

using information from one event and applying it to another

78
Q

Having many equal options for one item

A

flat hierarchies

79
Q

The symbolic representation of a word

A

Universal grammar

80
Q

How language changes our sensations (conception) and our perception (categorial thinking) of thoughts

A

Linguistic determinism

81
Q

Sounds that express a state

A

affect

82
Q

Communicative sounds that reference something abstract (think monkeys)

A

ideas

83
Q

Inferring to what something is

A

Inferrential thinking

Psychology 102 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions