language

Question 1

language

Answer 1

the method of human communication, either spoken, written or hand movement, consisting go the use of words in a structured and conventional way

Question 2

visual modality

Answer 2

seeing words
visual word form area
part of the left fusiform gyrus and surrounding cortex

Question 3

Wandell 2011

Answer 3

circuitry for seeing the statistical regularities of word forms develops within the ventral occipitotemporal cortex

Question 4

auditory modality

Answer 4

hearing words
primary auditory cortex
superior temporal sulcus activated significantly more during human speech than other sounds

Question 5

phonology

Answer 5

sounds

Question 6

morphology

Answer 6

forms of words

Question 7

semantics

Answer 7

meaning

Question 8

syntax

Answer 8

grammer

Question 9

pragmatics

Answer 9

social use of speech

Question 10

wernikes area

Answer 10

in the left hemisphere in around 95% of right handed individuals and 60% of left handed individuals

Question 11

speech production

Answer 11

pars opercularis and pars triangular of the inferior frontal gyrus
production and articulation of language
control of spoken/written/sign language production
primary motor cortex controls the physical movements of the mouth

Question 12

wernikes-geschwinds model

Answer 12

based on language having two functions
comprehension a sensory/perceptual function
and speaking which is a motor function

Question 13

brocas aphasia

Answer 13

deficit in speech production but motor function intact

Question 14

wernickes aphasia

Answer 14

deficit in semantic processing, word salad output

Question 15

conduction aphasia

Answer 15

no information from Broca or wernikes area

Question 16

transcortical motor aphasia

Answer 16

non fluent speech but good comprehension

Question 17

transcortical sensory aphasia

Answer 17

fluent speech but poor comprehension

Question 18

dyslexia

Answer 18

difficulty with phonological processing, spelling and/or rapid visual-verbal responding

Question 19

suface dyslexia

Answer 19

difficulty reading words with irregular pronunciations and difficutly with homophones

Question 20

semantic dyslexia

Answer 20

difficulty attaching words to their meaning

Question 21

phonological dyslexia

Answer 21

difficulty reading unfamiliar words and non words

Question 22

deep dyselxia

Answer 22

semiotic reading errors and impairments of nonword reading
could be linked to left hemisphere damage

Question 23

pure dyslexia

Answer 23

pure word blindness, not affecting speech
difficulty recognising written sequences of letter
can be caused by left occipital lobe damage

Question 24

neglect dyslexia

Answer 24

letters on the left are skipped or misread
after right parietal lesions

Question 25

attentional dyslexia

Answer 25

letter crowding, blending and migration

Question 26

hemianopic dyslexia

Answer 26

visual field loss abnormally slow reading but individual words can be read after a stroke damage to occipital cortex

Question 27

dual route theory

Answer 27

lexical route - skilled readers recognise known words by sight alone through a dictionary lookup procedure non lexical route - reader sounds out written words different lesions can cause different types of dyselxia

Question 28

British sign language

Answer 28

semantics - defined by hand shape at a particular position syntax - defined by position of hands in space or hand movement anterior brain lesions - lack of fluency, interrupted signalling, semantically correct but agrammatical prosterior brain lesions - fluent signing but unintelligible