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Language Flashcards

1
Q

Areas of Language

A

Form
Content
Function (Use)

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2
Q

form

A

phonology
orphology
syntax

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3
Q

content

A

semantics

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4
Q

function

A

pragmatics

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5
Q

SLI

A

children who have trouble developing language in the absence of any reasons or cause.

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6
Q

Suprasegmentals

A

-suprasegmentals, refer to the melodic and rhythmic elements of the phonological system.

  • Stress
  • Juncture
  • Intonation
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7
Q

Paralinguistic elements of communication

A

are not linguistic elements. They go with the linguistic elements.

  • voice
  • resonance
  • timing/latency
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8
Q

Nonverbal Elements of Communication

A
  • facial gesture
  • limb gesture
  • gaze
  • head and body movement
  • physical distance or proxemics
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9
Q

erivational morphemes

A

added to a word to create a new word or a new form of a word.

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10
Q

Lexical semantics

A

words (forms (morphemes) and meanings (sememes)) which constitute the generic, culturally-shared knowledge of the speakers of the language.

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11
Q

discourse pragmatics

A

how linguistically coded propositions fit into a wider communicative context.

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12
Q

Organization of a lexicon-

A
  • Meaning
  • Semantic category
  • Synonyms/Antonyms
  • Meaning relationship
  • Phonological info
  • Morphological info
  • Syntactic info
  • Pragmatic
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13
Q

homographs

A

word with multiple meanings all of whose forms sound alike and are spelled the same way

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14
Q

Homonyms

A

-A word with multiple meanings all of whose forms sound alike and are spelled differently

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15
Q

Syntax

A

sequential and temporal

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16
Q

Transitive

A

Transitive clauses have two nouns — a subject noun and an object noun.

Example: I ate dinner

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17
Q

intransitive verbs

A

Intransitive clauses have a single noun — a subject noun.

Example: She slept well

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18
Q

Major clause types

A
  • Declarative-
  • Interrogative
  • Imperative
  • Exclamatory
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19
Q

-Declarative

A

making a statement

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20
Q

-Imperative

A

-giving a command, making a request

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21
Q

Pragmatics (examples of)

A 
Topic maintenance
Coherence
inferencing
Ellipsis
Register
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22
Q

Cohesive devices

A

things that make a sequence hang together

23
Q

Ellipsis

A

linguistic feature that refers to forms in the talk which certain elements are not present.

24
Q

Register

A

-speaking in the appropriate way for different situations with different people.

25
different levels of meaning in language:
- Lexical meaning - referential meaning - propositional meaning - affective - interactive or social meaning - linguistic/discourse meaning
26
referential meaning
involves the meaning of words and what they refer to.
27
propositional meaning-
the who, what, when, why of an utterance.
28
Standard Deviation
-average difference of scores from the mean score on a standardized test 68% of the scores fall within 1 SD of the mean, with 96% of the scores falling within 2 SDs.
29
Normal Curve
A normal distribution represents the tendency for scores to fall around the mean (central tendency)
30
Scaled score mean? SD?
mean at 100 | SD at 15.
31
Stanines Mean? SD?
5 | 2
32
Percentile Rank
percentage of subjects in the norming population who scored at or below a certain raw score
33
3 Kinds of Standard scores
1. Z-score 2. T-score 3. Scaled score
34
Z-score
corresponds to the number of SDs from the mean score of 0.
35
t-score
-sets the mean at 50 and SD at 10
36
Scaled score
-sets the mean at 100 and SD at 15
37
Children with Limited Language
* A child who is largely nonverbal * A child who speaks largely at the single-word level * A child who is using early multiword combinations
38
Developmental Language Disorders
Child’s diagnostic category does not explain or predict language behavior language behavior.
39
Speech Sound Disorders
* Articulation disorder – sensorimotor based * Phonological disorder – linguistically/system based * Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) – sensorimotor based
40
Components of the Final Motor Act of Articulating
Biological component Cognitive-linguistic component Sensorimotor-acoustic
41
What does Biological component include?
- Vocal tract and articulators - Nervous system > motor and sensory functions - Auditory, tactile, kinesthetic, proprioceptive
42
What is the Cognitive-linguistic component?
Semantics, morphosyntax, pragmatics | -Phonemic elements, phonological rules
43
What does Sensorimotor-acoustic include?
- Motor programming and motor learning of the sequences of physical movement in a wide variety of phonetic contexts - Motor production in the vocal tract > acoustic vibrations > ears of the listener/interpretation
44
Misarticulation Categories
* Substitution * Omissions * Distortions * Addition
45
Independent analysis describes the child’s productions in....
features, segments, syllable shape
46
Relational analysis transcribes the child’s productions and compares them to the adult target forms in.....
Determination of correct vs. incorrect productions
47
Nonstuttering Dysfluent vs. Incipient stutterer | Frequency
9 or less vs | 10 or more per 100 words
48
Nonstuttering Dysfluent | predominant type
Whole word and phrase repetitions, interjections, revisions
49
Nonstuttering Dysfluent Unit repetitions
No more than 2 unit repetitions (b-b-ball)
50
Nonstuttering Dysfluent | Voicing and air flow
Little or no difficulty starting or sustaining air flow; continuous phonation during part word repetitions
51
Nonstuttering Dysfluent | Intrusion of the schwa
Schwa not produced | ba- ba- baby
52
Stuttering | Predominant type
Part word repetitions, audible and silent prolongations, broken words
53
Acquired Language Disorders
- Dependant on severity of injury and language development at time of injury - First 3-12 months post injury spontaneous recovery - Typically have residual language problems
54
Trade offs
Increased complexity in one area may result in decreased complexity or accuracy in another area

Comps (15 decks)

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