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English Language- AO2 > Language and Ethnicity > Flashcards

Language and Ethnicity Flashcards

1
Q

What is multiethnolect?

A

A variety combining features from a range of languages within a multi ethnic/cultural context

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2
Q

What is a heritage language?

A

A language spoken at home which isn’t dominant in that society

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3
Q

What is intersectionality?

A

Social categories all overlapping; ethnicity is interconnected with all other categories

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4
Q

What is essentialism?

A

The idea that a characteristic is inherited and fixed, not adopted or variable

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5
Q

What is constructivism?

A

The notion of being able to adopt certain characteristics to construct identity

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6
Q

What is performativity?

A

The power of language to effect change in the world; language function as a form of social action which can involve the creation of identities

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7
Q

What is resistance identity and who suggested it?

A
  • John Pitts
  • Noticed a shift among young black speakers who reported feeling that society was ignoring them towards a linguistic identity that went against the mainstream
  • “A move from sounding like Ian Wright to Bob Marley”
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8
Q

What is multicultural London English?

A
  • Multi ethnolect used mostly by young people in London
  • Perceived as ‘ethically neutral’
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9
Q

What are linguistic innovators and who suggested this?

A
  • Kerswill and Cheshire
  • The English of adolescents in London was changing due to multi ethnic social networks facilitating horizontal transmission of language features
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10
Q

What is brokering and who suggested it?

A
  • Wenger and Eckert
  • The use of multimembership in to transfer some element of language from 1 social group to another
  • In order to be a successful ‘broker’, individuals must be able to exert enough influence in each group to be able to carry ideas from 1 group and introduce them to another
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11
Q

What is Multicultural Urban British English and who proposed it?

A
  • Rob Drummond
  • Various urban multi ethnolect varieties in existence; each includes a local accent and dialect features
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12
Q

What is code mixing?

A

The occasional insertion of vocabulary items from 1 language to another

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13
Q

What is code switching?

A

When the speaker moves from 1 language to another for more extensive periods of time

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14
Q

What are some of the discourses around multicultural London English?

A
  1. Not English- fake
  2. Lack of morality
  3. Spoken by black communities
  4. Aggressive/ crime related
  5. Foreign/strange
  6. Trend
  7. Insignificant/no value
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15
Q

What did Sharma and Sanskaren conduct research into?

A

Punjabi Indian English heritage

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16
Q

What did Sharma and Rampton conduct research into?

A

British Asian men

17
Q

What did Sharma and Rampton find in their research into British Asian men?

A
  • Young men socialised in mainly Asian groups but their employment and entertainment were local
  • There was much less need to switch between speech styles to the same extent
18
Q

What did Sharma and Sanskaren find in their research on Punjabi Indian English heritage?

A

West London Indians seemed to have moved from a wide ranging repertoire to one narrower and less flexible in the space of a generation

19
Q

How is Cockney ‘under threat’?

A
  1. H dropping is disappearing
  2. TH fronting and glottal stops from London accent has moved to places such as Kent (possibly due to social attitudes)
20
Q

How could ‘Bredren’ be described?

A

Voiced dental fricative ‘th’ (brethren) is substituted with voiced alveolar plosive ‘d’ (bredrin)

21
Q

How could ‘yutes’ be described?

A
  • Voiceless dental fricative TH (youths) substituted with voiceless alveolar plosive T (yutes)
  • TH dropping
22
Q

What 2 view points conflict?

A

Essentialist and Constructivist

23
Q

How can Milroy’s work on social networks be applied to language and ethnicity?

A
  • Those within the same social networks may share language, e.g. MLE
  • Therefore, ethnicity may not play a large role within some people’s language
24
Q

How could Giles’ Accommodation theory be applied to language and ethnicity?

A

Speakers will manifest their position and their positive attitude towards a particular group by sounding like members of that group (convergence)

25
Q

What are multicultural Urban British English features?

A
  1. Vowel variation
  2. Word initial DH and TH dropping
  3. Use of pragmatics markers (you get me?)
  4. Use of slang words with a Jamaican heritage

English Language- AO2 (9 decks)

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