Language level 2: Grammar

Question 1

morphology

Answer 1

the study of word formation

Question 2

syntax

Answer 2

the study of how words form latger structures such as phrases, clauses and sentences

Question 3

descriptive

Answer 3

taking an approach to language study that focuses on how language is actually used

Question 4

prescriptive

Answer 4

taking an approach to language study that focuses on rules and notions of correctness

Question 5

prefix

Answer 5

ab-
anti-
de-
ex-
inter-
pre-
semi-
trans-
uni-

Question 6

root

Answer 6

a morpheme (come, -ing that can stand on its own (come) and can usually form a word in its own right

Question 7

suffix

Answer 7

a morpheme that comes after a root word to modify its meaning (e.g. -ation, -fy, -ing, -itis )

Question 8

prefix

Answer 8

a morpheme that goes before a root word to modify uts meaning

Question 9

affix

Answer 9

overall term for an addition to a root (prefix/ suffix) to modify its meaning or create a new word (e.g. abso-blooming-lutely)

Question 10

inflectional function

Answer 10

the way that an affix shows a grammatical category such as a verb tense or plural noun

Question 11

derivational function

Answer 11

the way that an affix helps form a new word by attaching itself to a root

Question 12

noun phrase

Answer 12

a group of words built around a noun

Question 13

verb phrase

Answer 13

a group of words built around a head (main) verb

Question 14

head word

Answer 14

the main noun in the phrase

Question 15

pre-modifier

Answer 15

a word that goes before the head noun to add detail or clarify some aspect of it

Question 16

qualifier

Answer 16

an additional word or phrase that adds some further detail or clarify some aspect of it

Question 17

post-modifier

Answer 17

a word that comes after the head noun to add detail or clarify some aspect of it

Question 18

auxiliary verb

Answer 18

a verb that determines the mood, tense, voice, or aspect of another verb in a verb phrase (to be, to have, to do)

Question 19

primary auxiliary verb

Answer 19

an auxiliary verb that joins with a main verb to show tense

Question 20

modal auxiliary verb

Answer 20

an auxiliary verb that joins with a main verb to show the degree of commitment towards an event or person that a speaker holds

1. Liverpool SHOULD beat Man City
2. Liverpool WILL beat Man City
3. Liverpool MIGHT beat Man City
4. Liverpool MUST beat Man City

Question 21

Clauses

Answer 21

groups of words centred around a verb phrase

Question 22

coordination

Answer 22

the joining of 2 clauses that gives them equal weighting

Question 23

subordination

Answer 23

the joining of 2 clauses that gives 1 clause (main clause) more weighting than another clause- or clauses (the subordinate clause(s))

Question 24

adverbial clause

Answer 24

a subordinate clause that functions as an adverbial

Question 25

noun clause

Answer 25

a subordinate clause that functions as a subject, object or complement

Question 26

active voice

Answer 26

agent in subject position for prominence; verb phrase in present or past tense

Question 27

passive voice

Answer 27

agent omitted or placed later in the clause using a prepositional phrase; verb phrase changes to form of to be + participate form (verb root + en/ed)

Question 28

orthographic sentence

Answer 28

a ‘sentence’ marked by a capital letter and full stop but containing no verb

Question 29

declarative

Answer 29

statement

Question 30

imperative

Answer 30

direct command, request, invitations, warning, or instruction

Question 31

exclamative

Answer 31

exclamation (!)