Language level 5: Pragmatics

Question 1

embodied knowledge

Answer 1

knowledge that is associated with memories of physically experiencing something, for example the sights and smells of visiting a city

Question 2

schema

Answer 2

a bundle of knowledge about a concept, person or event

Question 3

co-text

Answer 3

other words or phrases surrounding a word in a text

Question 4

cooperative principle

Answer 4

the general principle that people work together to communicate

Question 5

conversational maxims

Answer 5

explicit principles that provide a backdrop for conversation to take place so that speakers can easily understand one another

Question 6

implicature

Answer 6

an implied meaning that has to be inferred by a speaker as a result of one of the maxims being broken

Question 7

positive face need

Answer 7

a universal human need to feel valued and appreciated

Question 8

negative face need

Answer 8

a universal human need to feel independent and not be imposed upon

Question 9

face threatening act

Answer 9

a speech act that has the potential to damage someone’s self-esteem either in terms of positive or negative face

Question 10

politeness strategies

Answer 10

distinctive ways in which speakers can choose to speak to avoid threatening face

Question 11

deixis

Answer 11

words that are context-bound and whose meaning depends on who is using them, and where and when they are being used

Question 12

deictic categories

Answer 12

types of deictic expressions (person, spatial and temporal)

Question 13

proximal deixis

Answer 13

deictic expressions that refer to concepts, events or people close to the speaker

Question 14

distal deixis

Answer 14

deictic expressions that refer to concepts, events or people at a distance from the speaker