Languedoc-Rousillon Flashcards
(158 cards)
1
Q
What is mutage?
A
The fortification of wine
2
Q
Who discovered sparkling wine?
A
Monks of Saint-Hilaire
3
Q
Who founded Massalia and when?
A
Marseille, Phocaeans 600 BC
4
Q
When did the Romans arrive to France?
A
125 BC
5
Q
What is Via Domitia?
A
Road built by Romans to transport goods around their empire
6
Q
Who discovered the process of mutage?
A
Arnaud de Villeneuve, physician/alchemist in Montepellier
7
Q
When was sparkling discovered?
A
1531 (150 years before Dom Perignon)
8
Q
Where was the first sparkling wine made?
A
Limoux
9
Q
When did the first part of Canal du Midi open?
A
1681, from port of Sète to Garonne River in Toulouse
10
Q
What year was the 2nd part of Canal du Midi built?
A
1838-1856, from Toulouse to just south of Bdx city
11
Q
When did the railway connect Paris, Lyon, Marseille?
A
1855
12
Q
When did Phylloxera come to Languedoc?
A
1863, first region to replant. France’s #1 supplier of wine by 1900
13
Q
When did coops develop in Languedoc?
A
1930s (1st in 1905)
14
Q
How many co-ops bottle what % of production in Languedoc?
A
150 co-ops bottle 65% of production
15
Q
When did Blanquette de Limoux receive AOC status?
A
1938
16
Q
When was Vin de Pays category created and finalized?
A
Created in 1968, finalized in 1979
17
Q
When was Vin de Pays replaced by the IGP category?
A
2009
18
Q
How many IGPs are in France?
A
150+
19
Q
What IGP is responsible for 67% of France’s IGP production?
A
IGP Pays d’Oc (fruit can come from anywhere in Languedoc-Roussillon)
20
Q
When did Languedoc and Roussillon join administratively?
A
1972
21
Q
When did L-R growing areas being applying for AOC status?
A
1980s, 10 AOCs awarded in 1982
22
Q
How many AOCs today in L-R?
A
Approximately 50
23
Q
T/F IGP wines dominate production?
A
T
24
Q
AOC wines are what % of production in LR?
A
19%
25
IGP Wines are what % of production in LR?
68%
26
What are the 4 departments of Languedoc from N to S?
Lozère, Gard, Hérault, Aude
27
Soils of LR are a mix of what?
Very ancient, and very new materials
28
Languedoc soils on mountain slopes?
stony shale and marly limestone
29
What type of soil is garrigue?
Nutrient poor limestone, that can only support resinous herbs
30
Languedoc soils on lowland plains and foothills?
Younger sedimentary and alluvial soils
31
What other soil pockets will you find in Languedoc?
Granite, gneiss, schist
32
What type of wines are produced from alluvial soils in Languedoc?
Fruity wines, often white and rosé
33
Granite, gneiss, marl, clay, and schist produce what style of wines in Languedoc?
Powerful, spicy wines for aging, often red
34
Garrigue soils produce what style of wine in Languedoc?
High acid white/red, reds with polished tannin
35
Languedoc has what geographical zones?
Coastal Plains, Hillsides and Mountains, Atlantic Corridor
36
Characteristics of Coastal Plains?
Flat, low lying, fertile, highest yielding, often entry-level IGP wines
37
Coastal plains lie between what cities?
Narbonne to Montpellier
38
Characteristics of Atlantic Corridor?
Western, Atlantic and Mediterranean forces meet, white/sparkling wines, BDX and Rhone grapes
39
Characteristics of Mountains and Hillsides?
Up to 1,320 ft, block rain and clouds, consistently sunny climate, traps heat
40
Languedoc 2 seasons?
Mild winters, hot dry summers
41
What wind blows from the N and W?
Tramontane
42
Sunshine hours in Languedoc?
2,350 hours per year
43
Rainfall Languedoc?
27 inches per year (often from violent storms)
44
What Langd. AOCs still use Carignan as the backbone of the blend?
Faugères, St. Chinian, Fitou, Minervois, Corbières
45
How many grape varieties are approved for Languedoc IGP wines?
56
46
Non varietally labeled wines require what min percentage of primary grapes in Langd.?
50%
47
T/F Any of the 56 IGP grapes may be varietally labeled in Langd.
F. Only primary grapes
48
What min % varietally labeled grape must be in the bottle?
85%
49
T/F If whites grapes are incorporated into rose/red, they must be co-fermented?
T
50
What % of white grapes may be allowed in rose/red blends?
Max 20%
51
Vins Sans IG was formerly known as what?
Vin de Table
52
What are the 3 categories of Lang. wines?
AOC, IGP, Vins Sans IG
53
What Lang. departments have their own IGPs?
IGP Aude, IGP Hérault, IGP Gard
54
What is Lang. largest AOC in acreage and volume?
Languedoc AOC
55
Languedoc AOC wines must include a min of how many grapes?
2
56
Bulk of production for Languedoc AOC?
Red (79%)
57
How many districts can append their name to Lang. AOC?
12
58
What are the 2 non-fortified AOCs on Lang. Coastal Plain?
Picpoul de Pinet, La Clape
59
Year Picpoul de Pinet became AOC?
2013
60
Soils of Picpoul de Pinet?
Limestone
61
Is Picpoul de Pinet more co op or grower produced?
Co op, 80%
62
T/F La Clape is a Cru of Lang.
T
63
Required grape min % in La Clape?
Reds, Min 70% GR, Sy, MV, white min 40% Bourboulenc
64
La Clape soils?
Mostly limestone
65
How many Lang AOCs are in Mountains/Hillside zone?
7
66
Terrasses du Larzac red grapes?
Red only. Min 60% GR, SY, MV, min 30% Carignan, Cinsault
67
T/F Terrasses du Larzac has one of the lowest diurnal temps in Lang.
F, it has one of highest
68
Clairette du Languedoc grapes?
100% Clairette
69
What are the soils of Cru Faugères?
Schist
70
T/F Faugères produceds only red?
F. R/R/W
71
What are the Crus of Saint Chinian?
St. Chinian Berlou, St Chinian Roquebrun
72
What is Lang largest non regional AOC?
Corbières
73
What is the main red grape of Corbières?
Carignan
74
Cru of Corbières?
Corbières Boutenac
75
What AOC south of Corbières produces only red wine?
Fitou, based on Carignan, Grenache
76
2 sections of Fitou?
Fitou Maritime, Haut-Fitou (non contiguous)
77
Cabardes grapes?
90% red CS, CF, ML, MB, SY, GR, Cinsault
78
Most western AOC of Lang.?
Malepère
79
Malepère red grapes?
Only red/rose. Min 50% ML with other BDX grapes
80
Blanquette de Limoux sweetness levels?
Brut and Demi-Sec
81
Blanquette de Limoux grapes?
Min 90% Mauzac, up to 10% CB, CH
82
Cremant de Limoux min lees aging?
12 months
83
Can Crémant de Limoux be rosé?
Yes
84
Crémant de Limoux grapes?
Min 40% CH w/ CB, Mauzac, PN
85
Blanquette Méthode Ancestrale AOC grapes?
100% Mauzac
86
Blanquette Methode Ancestrale min aging?
2 months
87
Blanquette Methode Ancestrale Max abv?
7% abv
88
Blanquette Methode Ancestrale RS?
60-80 g/l
89
Is dosage allowed for Blanquette Methode Ancestrale?
No
90
Which of the Lang. Muscat AOC requires the highest min sugar?
Saint Jean de Minervois, min 125 g/l rs
91
Min abv of fortified Muscat AOCs?
15% abv
92
Min RS of fortified Muscat AOCs?
110 g/l (except St jean de Minervois, min 125 g/l)
93
T/F all Lang. VDNs are made reductively?
T
94
Is Minervois Syrah based?
Yes
95
T/F Roussillon is one of Fr driest and windiest areas?
T
96
T/F Roussillon does not encourage organic and bioD viti
F. It has the highest percentages of org/BD producers in Fr
97
Roussillon produces what % of Fr VDN?
80%
98
When was Roussillon part of the Aragon Empire?
13th-18th century
99
What were the 1st AOCs of Roussillon?
Rivesaltes, Banyuls, Maury (all VDN)
100
How many AOCs in Roussillon?
13
101
What department does Roussillon lie within?
Pyrénées-Orientales
102
What is the N wind of Roussillon?
Tramontane
103
Is Languedoc or Roussillon more mountainous?
Roussillon
104
North Mountains of Roussillon?
Corbières Mountains
105
West Mountains of Roussillon?
Canigou
106
South Mountains of Roussillon?
Pyrénées Peak, Roc de France
107
Roussillon rivers?
Agly, Tét, Tech
108
Main soil of Roussillon?
Iron rich, sandy, red, water retaining clay
109
Alluvial plains of Roussillon planted to white or red?
Mainly white
110
Stonier, higher elevation sites of Roussillon planted to white or red grapes?
Mainly red
111
What 2 grapes are grown in Roussillon but not in Languedoc?
Muscat d'Alexandrie, Tourbat
112
What is Tourbat?
Roussillon native white grape, prone to oxidation, Malvasia, still and VDN
113
How many communal AOCs are in Roussillon?
8
114
What are the VDN communal AOCs of Roussillon?
Rivesaltes, Muscat de Rivesaltes, Maury, Banyuls, Banyuls Grand Cru
115
What are the still communal AOCs of Roussillon?
Côtes de Roussillon Villages-named village, Collioure, Maury Sec
116
What is Rousillon's sub regional AOC
Côtes de Roussillon Villages (red only)
117
Can Côtes de Roussillon produce rose and white?
No, red only
118
What are the regional AOCs of Roussillon?
Languedoc, Côtes de Roussillon
119
What are the 2 most important IGPs in Roussillon?
IGP Pays d'OC, IGP Pyrénées Orientales
120
What is Roussillon's largest appellation?
Côtes du Roussillon AOC
121
What cru in Côtes du Roussillon will soon become a cru for CdRoussillon village?
Côtes du Roussillon Les Aspres
122
Côtes du Roussillon Villages extends through what river valleys?
Agly, Tét
123
Cd Roussillon Villages are based on what grape?
Grenache based, but must be a blend of 2+ varieties, max 70% any one grape. No cinsault
124
What grape is not permitted in C d Roussillon Village?
Cinsault
125
What villages may append their name to Côtes du Roussillon Village?
Caramany, Latour de France, Lesquerde, Tautavel. Encircle town of Maury
126
What wines does Maury Sec produce?
Dry reds, GR based 60-80%. Min 6 months aging
127
What is the min abv for VDN?
15% abv
128
What range of sweetness levels do roussillon VDNs have?
45 - 100 g/l
129
Grapes for VDN are picked at what level of sugar ripeness?
252 g/l
130
White VDN not called 'Muscat...' is comprised of what grapes?
Grenache Blanc, Tourbat, Maccabeu
131
T/F Roussillon VDN may be produced both reductively and oxidatively?
T
132
What terms described reductive VDNs?
Grenat, Rimage
133
What terms described oxidative VDNs?
Ambré, Tuilé, Rancio, Hors d'age
134
What is Rancio?
Maderized VDN
135
What is Hors d'Age?
Oxidative VDN that sees min 5 years aging
136
What Roussillon VDNs are white only?
Muscat de Rivesaltes
137
What Roussillon VDNs are red only?
Banyuls Grand Cru
138
What roussillon VDN allows rose?
Banyuls
139
What Roussillon VDNs allow white and red?
rivesaltes, Maury, Banyuls
140
How would you label oxidized white Maury?
Ambre
141
How would you label slightly oxidized red Maury?
Tuilé
142
What is the min % of Grenache noir for Banyuls GC?
75%, w/ Carignan, Cinsault, Syrah
143
What is the min aging requirement for Banyuls GC?
Min 30 months in oak
144
T/F Banyuls GC may be made as Grenat?
F. It must spend 30 months in oak, lending an oxidative character
145
When can Banyuls GC be labeled as Sec/Dry/Brut?
If under 5% (50g/l) RS
146
What is the % of Grenache Noir required for Banyuls?
Min 50%
147
What is a red Banyuls made in a reductive style called?
Rimage
148
Which Languedoc AOCs permit Bdx grapes?
Malpere, Cabardes
149
What grape is used in the production of all Lang VDNs?
Muscat Petit a Grains
150
What is the main grape of Corbieres?
Carignan
151
Which appellation is nested within Corbieres?
Fitou
152
What Languedoc appellations are known for single varietal wines?
Picpoul de Pinet, Clairette du Languedoc
153
what style of wines are produced in Limoux AOC?
Still white and red
154
What is the Massif de Clape?
A limestone outcropping separating Narbonne and the Sea
155
What is Etang de Thau?
Lake separating Picpoul de Pinet from the sea
156
What style wines are made in Collioure?
Dry, still white, red, rose
157
What AOC is shared jointly between Languedoc and Roussillon?
Languedoc AOC
158
What styles of wine are made in Maury AOC?
Still and VDN reds
