Large Animal

Question 1

Which hormone lengthens diestrus in the bovine?

Answer 1

Progesterone

Question 2

You examine a pregnant mare at 15 days gestation and identify twins; you manually crush one via rectal palpation. What are 2 reasons for doing this?

Answer 2

Twin pregnancies can often terminate 1) early fetal resorption or loss 2) late tern abortions or 3) birth of small growth retarded foals. Mares aborting twins in late gestation frequently have foaling difficulties and can be difficult to rebreed

Question 3

What is the pathologic mechanism of persistent infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus?

Answer 3

Animals become persistently infected with BVDV if the fetus is exposed to the virus before development of the immune system. This results in immune tolerance as the virus is recognized as “self”

Question 4

Regarding pregnancy failure in pigs, most infections resulting in mummification occur in what gestational age range?

Answer 4

Between 35-70 days of gestation

Question 5

What are 3 recognized tx that may be used for converting atrial fibrillation to normal sinus rhythm in horses?

Answer 5

Quinidine

Quinidine plus digoxin

Electrical defibrillation/conversion

Benign neglect

Question 6

which production animal species is most susceptible to copper poisoning?

Answer 6

sheep

Question 7

The sow and mare have which type of placentation?

Answer 7

Diffuse

Question 8

what is a characteristic finding of the erythrocytes of normal camelids?

Answer 8

elliptical shaped

Question 9

hypoventilation in a horse under GA can produce which type of acid/base disturabance?

Answer 9

uncompensated respiratory acidosis

Question 10

how many compartments make up the stomach of the camelid?

Answer 10

three

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiGyK_ZnoXKAhXCTCYKHe7QBwIQjRwIBw&url=https%3A%2F%2Fscience-art.com%2Fimage%2F%3Fid%3D6184%26m%3D25157%26pagename%3DClinical_Anatomy_of_the_Camelid_Stomach&psig=AFQjCNGu9X3Asrbtp5AW81Lg8vUFwuC3sw&ust=1451621787282483

Question 11

a functional corpus luteum is lysed by which hormone normally produced by th endometrium?

Answer 11

PGF-2a

Prostaglandin F 2 alpha

Question 12

an older horse is diagnosed with a diastolic, decrescendo mrumur on the left side during routine physical exam. What is the most likely etiology?

Answer 12

aortic insufficiency/aortic regurgitation

age related

Question 13

Severe pruritis, persistent rubbing resulting in wool loss, and impaired locomotion are classic clinical signs of which disease of sheep?

Answer 13

scrapie

Question 14

at which stage of gestation would an infection with BVDV likely produce a PI animal?

Answer 14

45-125 days

Question 15

What is distinctive about the macroscopic appearance of female Haemonchus worms?

Answer 15

a “barber pole” appearance

intertwined uterus and intestine

Question 16

a horse with deciduous incisors can be said to be less than what age?

Answer 16

2.5 years

Question 17

which etiologic agent is associated with caseous necrotic lesions in the lymph nodes or visceral organs of small ruminants?

Answer 17

corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

Question 18

which clinical sign of Horner’s syndrome differentiates horses from cattle?

Answer 18

horses sweat-ipsilateral to the affected side

cattle do not

Question 19

which two organisms are required for the completion of the life cycle of Parelaphostrongylus tenuis?

Answer 19

deer and snail

Question 20

describe the typical acid/base and electrolyte disturbances that characterize a long-standing abomasal outflow obstruction in a cow

Answer 20

hypochloremic, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis

Question 21

What is the cause of mulberry heart disease in pigs?

Answer 21

Vitamin E/Selenium deficiency

Question 22

Mares with which blood group characteristics are at risk for producing a foal with neonatal isoerythrlysis?

Answer 22

Mares that are negative for either or both the Aa and Qa antigens

Question 23

crias are born enveloped in an extrafetal epidrmal membrane. What are its function?

Answer 23

provides lubrication during delivery

keep them dry at birth (an evolutionary advantage for neonates in colder, high-altitue climates)

Question 24

Name the porcine giant kidney worm

Answer 24

stephanuris dentatus

Question 25

muscle stiffness and tremor, trismus and prolapse of the third eyelid are classic clinical findings for which neurological disease of large animals?

Answer 25

tetanus

Question 26

is a right flank omentopexy suitable for treating a left-sided abomasal displacement, a right-sided abomasal displacement or both?

Answer 26

both

Question 27

Aujeszky's disease of swine causes which reportable disease of ruminants?

Answer 27

Pseudorabies

Question 28

Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome (PRRS) manifests with which 2 main signs on a herd level?

Answer 28

breeding losses and respiratory disease

Question 29

What is hte most important differential for duodenitis-proximal jejunitis in horses?

Answer 29

small bowel obstruction

Question 30

What is the major problem associated with prophylactic use of penicillin in horses exposed to Streptococcus equi but not showing clinical signs?

Answer 30

horses are highly susceptible to disease following discontinuation of therapy

Question 31

Which 2 organ systems are affected when horses sustain toxicosis by ingesting red maple leaves?

Answer 31

RBC lysis leading to pigment nephropathy/renal failure

Question 32

What are the 2 synergistically-acting causative agents of footrot in cattle?

Answer 32

*Fusobacterium necrophorum* and *Bacteriodes melaninogenicus*

Question 33

in ruminants, the ____________ is the major target organ in immediate, type-1 hypersensitivity reactions

Answer 33

Lungs

Question 34

What are the radiographic signs of chronic laminitis in the horse?

Answer 34

Rotation and/or vertical displacement (sinking) of P3 from the hoof wall thin sole pathologic P3 fx

Question 35

which nerve deficits to the head can occur as a result of guttural pouch mycosis in horses?

Answer 35

Laryngeal paralysis (x) dysphagia (IX, X) facial nerve paralysis (VII) Horner's syndrome (sympathetic fibers)

Question 36

Which disorder is commonly referred as white heifer disease?

Answer 36

Segmental aplasia of the genital tract occurs spontaneously in all cattle breeds in most cases, the ovaries, uterine tube and cranial part of the uterine horns are normal, but the normal drainage of the endometrial secretions through the cervix is impeded, commonly by an intact hymen

Question 37

Which infectious organism commonly causes epizootic abortion in the second half of gestion in sheep?

Answer 37

*Campylobacter* spp.

Question 38

What is the causative agent of classical swine fever?

Answer 38

hog cholera virus

Question 39

Caudal epidural anesthesia in a cow is administered via which intervertebral space?

Answer 39

the sacrococcygeal space (between S5, Cd1)

Question 40

What is the most common skin tumor of cattle?

Answer 40

papillomas caused by bovine papillomavirus

Question 41

Which congenital defect is linked to polled gene in goats?

Answer 41

Intersexuality

Question 42

Necrotic larygnitis (or calf diphtheria) is caused by the invasion of which bacteria into the cartilage of the larynx?

Answer 42

Fusobacterium necrophorum

Question 43

Which common cause of anemia exclusive to camelids can be routinely diagnosed with a blood smear?

Answer 43

Eperhthrozoonosis Mycoplasma haemolamae

Question 44

An outbreak of disease characterized by high fever, moderate anorexia, recumbency and reddening of the skin is affecting almost all the pigs on the hog farm. The farmer recently traveled to South Africa. Most likely diagnosis?

Answer 44

African Swine Fever

Question 45

in a feedlot, which component of the diet is generally overfed if cattle are developing frothy bloat?

Answer 45

concentrate

Question 46

During the carrier state, equine viral arteritis virus is solely present in which organ system?

Answer 46

the reproductive tract

Question 47

Which equine herpesvirus infection is commonly restricted to the respiratory tract?

Answer 47

Equine herpesvirus-4

Question 48

Which muscle disorder of horses is associated with an abnormal glucose metabolism and increased insulin sensitivity?

Answer 48

Polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM)

Question 49

Which syndrome in cattle is characterized by hemoptysis, results from ruminitis with subsequent development of liver abscesses?

Answer 49

Caudal vena cava syndrome

Question 50

Floppy ears and failure of the incisor teeth to erupt are an indication of which disorder in newborn crias?

Answer 50

prematurity

Question 51

Expiratory wheezes are a hallmark of which one of the following respiratory diseases of horses? laryngeal hemiplegia inflammatory airway disease recurrent airway obstruction

Answer 51

Recurrent airway obstruction

Question 52

Which gram negatve organism is the most common cause of infection in large animal neonates?

Answer 52

E. coli