large intestine

Question 1

which part of the large intestine receives chyme from the ileum?

Answer 1

caecum

Question 2

what is the first section of the large intestine called?

Answer 2

ascending colon

Question 3

what is the second section of the large intestine called?

Answer 3

transverse colon

Question 4

what is the third section of the large intestine called?

Answer 4

descending colon

Question 5

what is the s-shaped part of the large intestine at the end called?

Answer 5

sigmoid

Question 6

what is the turn in the large intestine at the liver called?

Answer 6

hepatic flexure

Question 7

what is the bend in the large intestine at the spleen called?

Answer 7

splenic flexure

Question 8

what is the longitudinal muscle of the large intestine called?

Answer 8

taenia coli

Question 9

inner circular muscle make up what structure of the large intestine?

Answer 9

haustrations

Question 10

what are the fatty tags on the large intestine called?

Answer 10

appendice epipliocae

Question 11

what are the collection of blood vessels in the anus called?

Answer 11

internal hemorrhoidal plexus

Question 12

what are the 2 anal sphincters called?

Answer 12

external and internal sphincters

Question 13

which anal sphincter is voluntary?

Answer 13

external

Question 14

which anal sphincter is involuntary?

Answer 14

internal

Question 15

why are children not fully competent till 2 years old?

Answer 15

nerves have not fully developed

Question 16

what is the auction between the small and large intestine called?

Answer 16

ileo-ceacal junction or valve

Question 17

why is the ileo-ceacal valve not a true valve?

Answer 17

it does not open and close

Question 18

which structure leads off from the caecum?

Answer 18

appendix

Question 19

what is the main function of the large intestine?

Answer 19

fluid absorption

Question 20

in which ways are the structures of the small and large intestine similar?

Answer 20

. same epithelium with goblet cells
. intestinal crypts of leibemkuhn
. mucosal glands

Question 21

what type of epithelium is present in the large intestine?

Answer 21

simple columnar

Question 22

what are dips in the epithelial lining of the the large and small intestine called?

Answer 22

intestinal crypts of leibemkuhn

Question 23

in which ways are the structures of the small and large intestine different?

Answer 23

. no villi in large
. incomplete layer of longitudinal muscle (tania coli)
. ring like arrangement of circular muscle (haustrae)
. small ecoli in large

Question 24

which area of the large intestine is most prone to cancer and why?

Answer 24

recto-anal junction as there is an abrupt change in epithelium

Question 25

what does the colon absorb from chyme?

Answer 25

fluid and electrolytes

Question 26

what clinical condition is caused by failure to reabsorb in the large intestine?

Answer 26

diarrhoea

Question 27

what is the intestinal flora?

Answer 27

resident microbial population of the large intestine

Question 28

what is the function of the intestinal flora?

Answer 28

. ferment dietary fibre (cellulose) and lipid . produce gas by bacterial fermentation . synthesise vitamin k and b

Question 29

what is the function of vitamin B?

Answer 29

cell metabolism (b12)

Question 30

what is the function of vitamin K?

Answer 30

blood clotting

Question 31

what are the 3 types of movement carried out by the large intestine?

Answer 31

mixing, propulsive, mass movement

Question 32

how does the large intestine carry out mixing movement?

Answer 32

local contraction of circular muscle,

Question 33

how does the large intestine carry out propulsive movement?

Answer 33

peristalsis (short range in traverse and descending colon)

Question 34

how does the large intestine carry out mass movement?

Answer 34

infrequent more sustained contractions after meals, move chyme/faeces from proximal colon to distal colon

Question 35

what is the ejection of faecal matter from the rectum via the anal canal known as?

Answer 35

defaecation

Question 36

which muscle are the rectum and internal anal sphincter made of?

Answer 36

smooth

Question 37

what type of muscle is the external sphincter made of?

Answer 37

striated

Question 38

what is a colonoscopy?

Answer 38

surgical procedure bringing 1 end of large intestine out through abdominal wall

Question 39

what is the name of the surgical procedure which involves bringing the end or loop of the small intestine out through the abdominal wall?

Answer 39

ileostomy

Question 40

what is the name for an artificial hole in the abdomen that allows faeces to be disposed through?

Answer 40

stoma

Question 41

what is diarrhoea mainly caused by?

Answer 41

GIT infection

Question 42

in what way may diarrhoea be caused as a result of the large intestine?

Answer 42

failure to reabsorb, reduced colonic motility - less mixing - less fluid absorption

Question 43

what may constipation be caused by?

Answer 43

increase fluid absorption, GIT spasm, side effect of drugs such as opiates, dietary fibre