Large Intestine

Question 1

Composition of large intestine

Answer 1

Cecum
Colon
Rectum
Anal canal

Question 2

Subdivisions of the colon

Answer 2

Ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon

Question 3

Visible sacculations between teniae coli on the external surface of the cecum and colon

Answer 3

Haustra coli

Question 4

Small fatty projections of the serosa. These are observed in the outer surface of the colon

Answer 4

Omental appendices

Question 5

These are visible in the cecum and colon but are absent i. The rectum, anal canal, and vermiform appendix

Answer 5

Teniae coli

Question 6

T/F: Goblet cells are more numerous in the large intestine than in the small intestine

Answer 6

True

Question 7

T/F: Plicae circulares and villi are present in the large intestine

Answer 7

False

Question 8

Principal function of the large intestine

Answer 8

Reabsorption of electrolytes and water.

Elimination of undigested food and waste

Question 9

Elimination of semisolid to solid waste materials is facilitated by

Answer 9

Goblet cells

Question 10

T/F: Goblet cells are more numerous in the large intestine than i. Small intestine

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Produce mucin to lubricate the bowel

Answer 11

Goblet cells

Question 12

T/F: Paneth cells are found in the large intestine of humans

Answer 12

False. Paneth cells are normally absent in humans

Question 13

Ratio of columnar absorptive cells and goblet cells in most of the colon.

Ratio near the rectum?

Answer 13

Most of the colon - 4:1

Near recrum - 1:1

Question 14

Form of exhausted goblet cell

Answer 14

Caveolated “tuft” cell

Question 15

Goblet cells that are tall and thin and have a small number of mucinogen granules in the central apical cytoplasm

Answer 15

Exhausted goblet cells

Question 16

Structures found in the lamina propria of the large intestine

Answer 16

Collagen table
Pericryptal fibroblast sheath
GALT
Lymphatic vessels

Question 17

Thick layer of collagen and proteoglycans that participate in regulation of water and electrolyte transport

Answer 17

Collagen table

Question 18

Constitutes a well-developed fibroblast population of regularly replicating cells

Answer 18

Preicryptal fibroblast sheath

Question 19

T/F: GALT is more extensively developed in the large intestine

Answer 19

True

Question 20

2 major types of muscular contraction of the muscularis externa of large intestine

Answer 20

Segmentation

Peristalsis

Question 21

Local and does not result in propulsion of contents

Answer 21

Segmentation

Question 22

Results in the distal mass movement of the colonic contents

Answer 22

Peristalsis

Question 23

How often do mass peristaltic movements occur in a healthy person?

Answer 23

Once a day— to empty the distal colon

Question 24

Forms a blin pouch jusg distal to the ileocecal valve

Answer 24

Cecum

Question 25

Thin finger-like extension of the pouch formed by the cecum

Answer 25

Appendix

Question 26

T/F: the appendix has a uniform layer of longitudinal muscle in the muscularis externa

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Most conspicuous feature of the appendix

Answer 27

Large number of lymphatic nodules that extend into the submucosa

Question 28

Inflammation of the appendix

Answer 28

Appendicitis

Question 29

Dilated distal portion of the alimentary canal

Answer 29

Rectum

Question 30

Distinguishes the rectum from the rest of the large intestine

Answer 30

Transverse rectal folds

Question 31

Most distal part of the alimentary canal

Answer 31

Anal canal

Question 32

Length of anal canal

Answer 32

4cm. From upper aspect of pelvic diaphragm to the anus

Question 33

Folds in the upper part of the anal canal

Answer 33

Anal columns

Question 34

Depressions between anal columns

Answer 34

Anal sinuses

Question 35

Zones of anal canal

Answer 35

Colorectal zone Anal transitional zone Squamous zone

Question 36

Upper third of the anal canal? Contains what epithelium?

Answer 36

Colorectal zone - simple columnar

Question 37

Middle third of the anal canal that represents a transition between simple columnar epithelium of the rectal mucosa and the stratified squamous epithelium of the perianal skin

Answer 37

Anal transitional zone

Question 38

Epithelium ATZ

Answer 38

Stratified columnar interposed between simple columnar and stratified squamous

Question 39

Lower third of the anal canal? Contains what epithelium?

Answer 39

Squamous zone - stratified squamous

Question 40

Secrete mucus onto the anal surface

Answer 40

Anal glands

Question 41

T/F: teniae coli is present at the level of the rectum

Answer 41

False. There are no teniae coli at the level of the rectum