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Pancreas Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

Elongate gland having a head, body, and tail

A

Pancreas

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2
Q

Expanded portion of the pancreas that lies in the C-shaped curve of the duodenum

A

Head

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3
Q

Part of the pancreas that is centrally located which crosses the midline of the human body

A

Body

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4
Q

Part of the pancreas that extends toward the hilum of the spleen

A

Tail

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5
Q

Empties into the duodenum at the hepatopancrearic ampulla (of cater)

A

Pancreatic duct (of wirsung)

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6
Q

This is where the common bile duct from the liver and gallbladder enter the duodenum

A

Hepatopancreatic ampulla (of vater)

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7
Q

Regulates the flow of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum

A

Hepatopancreatic sphincter (of oddi)

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8
Q

Prevents reflux of intestinal contents into the pancreatic duct

A

Hepatopancreatic sphincter (of oddi)

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9
Q

A vestige of the pancreas’ origin from two embryonic endodermal primordia that evaginate from the foregut

A

Accessory pancreatic duct (of santorini)

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10
Q

T/F: Pancreas is and exocrine and endocrine gland

A

True

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11
Q

2 structurally distinct components of the pancreas

A

Exocrine component

Endocrine component

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12
Q

Component of the pancreas that synthesizes and secretes enzymes into the duodenum that are essential for digestion

A

Exocrine component

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13
Q

Component of pancreas that synthesizes and secreted hormones insulin and glucagon into the blood

A

Endocrine component

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14
Q

T/F: Exocrine pancreas is found throughout the organ

A

True

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15
Q

T/F: exocrine pancreas is a mucous gland

A

False. The exocrine pancreas is a serous gland

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16
Q

Secretory units of the pancreas are

A

Acinar or tubuloacinar in shape

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17
Q

Secretory units of exocrine pancreas are formed by

A

Simple epithelium of pyramidal serous cells

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18
Q

Initial dict that leads from the acinus

A

Intercalated duct

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19
Q

Dust cells located inside the acinus

A

Centroacinar cells

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20
Q

Most numerous in pancreas of fasting individuals

A

Zymogen granules

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21
Q

T/F: zymogen granules contain a variety of digestive enzymes in an active form

A

False. Zymogen granules contain a variety of digestive enzymes in an INACTIVE form

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22
Q

Pancreatic enzymes

A

Proteolytic endopeptidases and exopeptidases
Amylolytic enzymes
Lipases
Nucleolytic enzymes

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23
Q

T/F: pancreatic digestive enzymes are activated only after they reach the lumen of the small intestine

A

True

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24
Q

Converts trypsinogen to its active form

A

Enterokinases

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25
Active form of trypsin
Trypsin
26
Catalyzes the digestion of proteins in the chyme
Trypsin
27
Join acinar cells to one another
Junctional complexes
28
Beginning of the duct system of exocrine pancreas
Centroacinar cells
29
Centroacinar cells
Squamous
30
Intercalated duct cells located in the acinus
Centroacinar cells
31
Continuous with the cells of the short intercalated duct that lies outside the acinus
Centroacinar cells
32
T/F: there are no striated (secretory) ducts in the pancreas
True
33
Complex, branching network of intraobular ducts drain into
Interlobular ducts
34
Drain directly into the main pancreatic duct
Interlobular duct
35
Add bicarbonate and water to the exocrine secretion
Intercalated ducts
36
How much fluid does the pancreas secrete per day?
1L
37
Serves to neutralize the acidity of chyme that enters the duodenum from the stomach
Bicarbonate
38
T/F: bile is concentrated in the gallbladder while only a portion of the pancreatic secretion is delivered to the duodenum
False. The ENTIRE VOLUME of pancreatic secretion is delivered to the duodenum
39
Established the optimal pH for the activity of major pancreatic enzymes
Bicarbonate
40
Hormones secreted by the enteroendocrine cells of the duodenum
Secretin | Cholecystokinin
41
Stimulates duct cells to secrete large volume of fluid with a high bicarbonate concentration
Secretin
42
Causes acinar cells to secrete their proenzymes
Cholecystokinin
43
T/F: the action of secretin and cholecystokinin results in the secretion of a large volume of alkaline fluid in the duodenum
True
44
Endocrine component of the pancreas
Islets of Langerhans
45
When do endocrine cells of the islets develop
Between 9-12 weeks of gestation
46
Principal cell types found in the islets
A cells B cells D cells
47
Stain of A, B, D cells in Mallory-Azan method
A - red B - browning orange D - blue
48
T/F: islet cells are counterparts of the enteroendocrine cells of the gastrointestinal muscosa
True
49
What do B cells secrete
Insulin
50
Secreted by A cells
Glucagon
51
Secreted by D cells
Somatostatin
52
Most abundant endocrine secretion
Insulin
53
Insulin stimulates:
``` Uptake of glucose (GLUT4) Storage of glucose (Glycogenesis) Utilization of glucose (Glycolysis) Breakdown of chylomicrons (Lipogenesis) Synthesis of proteins (inc cellular uptake of AAs) ```
54
Minor cells types in pancreatic islets
Pp cell D1 cell EC cell Epsilon cell
55
PP cell secretes
Pancreatic polypeptide
56
Stimulates gastric chief cells, inhibits bile secretion and intestinal motility, and inhibits pancreatic enzymes and HCO3 secretion
Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP cell)
57
D1 cell secretion
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)
58
Stimulates pancreatic exocrine secretion
VIP (D1 cell)
59
Secreted by EC cell
Secretin Motilin Substance P
60
Stimulates HCO3 secretion in pancreatic juice and pancreatic enzyme secretion
Secretin
61
Increases gastric and intestinal motility
Motilin
62
Secretion of EC cell that has neurotransmitter properties
Substance P
63
Epsilon cell secretes
Ghrelin
64
Stimulates appetite
Ghrelin
65
Elevated blood glucose levels and presence of glucose in the urine
diabetes mellitus
66
Stimulates release of glucose into the bloodstream
Glucagon
67
Stimulates gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis
Glucagon
68
Inhibits glucagon and insulin secretion
Somatostatin
69
Identical to the hormone that regulates somatotropin
Somatostatin
70
Suppresses the exocrine secretion of the pancreas
Somatostatin
71
Blood glucose level that stimulates insulin release
>70mg/dL (70mg/100mL)
72
T/F: decreased blood glucose levels promotes insulin secretion
False. Decrease in the blood glucose level stops insulin secretion
73
Blood glucose level that stimulates glucagon release
<70mg/100mL
74
T/F: well-developed gap junctions are located between islet cells
True
75
Stimulate exocrine release
Insulin Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) CKK
76
Inhibit exocrine secretion
Glucagon Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) Somatostatin

Histology (4 decks)

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