Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Histology > Small intestine > Flashcards

Small intestine Flashcards

(85 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

The longest component of the digestive tract

A

Small interesting (6 m)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The small intestine is divided into how many anatomic portions

A

Three

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are your three anatomic portions of the small intestine

A

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

It is the first, shortest, and widest part of the small intestines

A

Duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the beginning and the end of the duodenum

A

It begins at the pylorus of the stomach

Ends at duodenojejunal junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

constitutes the upper 2/5 of the small intestine

A

Jejunum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Constitutes the lower 3/5 of the small intestine

A

Ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Arrange the three anatomic portions of the small intestine from longest to shortest

A

Ileum jejunum duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

It is the principal site for the digestion of food and absorption of the products of digestion

A

Small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

As chyme from the stomach enters the duodenum, what substances and from what organs are delivered to the small intestine

A

enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do you call the intestinal absorptive cells

A

Enterocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where disaccharidases and dipeptidases are located in the enterocytes

A

Glycocalyx of the microvilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

At what part of the small intestine are enzymes and chyme reabsorbed

A

Distal portion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What cell specialisations of the submucosa and mucosa increase the absorptive surface area of the small intestine. give three

A

Plicae circulares, villi, microvilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

These are permanent transverse folds that contain a core of submucosa

A

Circular folds also known as valves of Kerckring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

These structures appear about 5 to 6 cm beyond the pylorus

A

Circular folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

This cell specialisation is most numerous in the distal part of the duodenum

A

Circular folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

True or false: the circular folds are present all throughout the small intestine

A

False. The circular folds become reduced in size and frequency in the middle of the ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

These are unique finger-like and leaf-life projections of the mucosa

A

Villi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What contributes to the velvety appearance in the entire mucosa of the small intestine

A

Villi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Amplifies the luminal surface

A

Microvilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Gives the apical region of the enterocytes a striated appearance (striated border)

A

Microvilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the essential features of the small intestinal mucosa

A

Villi and intestinal glands
Lamina Propia
Associated GALT
muscularis mucosae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

This cell specialisation consists of a core of loose connective-tissue covered by a simple columnar epithelium

A

Villi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
The core of the villi is an extension of the
Lamina propria Contains numerous fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils, macrophages, fenestrated blood capillaries
26
blind ending lymphatic capillary at the lamina propria of the villus
Lacteal
27
What structures accompany the lacteals
Smooth muscles
28
Simple tubular structures that extend from the muscularis mucosae through the thickness of the lamina propria
Intestinal glands or crypts of Lieberkuhn
29
What epithelium composes the intestinal glands
simple columnar epithelium
30
Nodules of the lymphatic tissue are large and numerous in what anatomic portion of the small intestine
Ileum
31
Peyer’s patches are preferentially located on?
Side of intestine opposite the mesenteric attachment
32
In gross specimens they appear as aggregates of white specks
Peyer’s patches
33
Consists of two thin layers of smooth muscle cells ICOL
Muscularis mucosae
34
How many cell types are found in the intestinal mucosal epithelium
Five types
35
What are the five types of cells found in intestinal mucosal epithelium
Enterocytes, goblet cells,paneth cells, enteroendocrine cells,M cells
36
Unicellular mucin-secreting glands
Goblet cells
37
Primary function is to maintain mucosal innate immunity by secreting antimicrobial substances
Paneth cells
38
Produce various paracrine and endocrine hormones
Enteroendocrine cells
39
Specialized cells located in the epithelium that covers lymphatic nodules in the lamina propria
Microfold cells
40
These are absorptive cells specialized for the transport of substances from the lumen of the intestine to the circulatory system
Enterocytes
41
Tall columnar cells with a basally positioned nucleus
Enterocytes
42
What is the core of microvillus
vertically oriented actin microfilaments anchored to cillin located in the tip of the microvillus
43
A network of horizontally oriented contractile microfilaments that form a layer in the most apical cytoplasm and attach to the intracellular density associated with zonula adherens
Terminal web
44
Contraction of the terminal web causes the microvilli to
Spread apart does increasing the space between them to allow more surface area exposure for absorption to take place
45
Contraction of the terminal web may aid in
Closing the holes left in the epithelial sheet by exfoliation of aging cells
46
What bounds the enterocytes with one another and to the goblet cells enteroendocrine and other cells of the epithelium
Junctional complexes
47
Establish a barrier between the intestinal lumen and the epithelial intercellular compartment
Tight junctions
48
Allows selective retention of substances absorbed by the enterocytes
Tight junctions
49
What parts of the intestine have relatively impermeable tight junctions
Ileum and colon
50
Water and sodium enters the cell through ____ and exits the cell through _____
Apical surface, lateral plasma membrane as long as sodium pump continues to function
51
Parts of the small intestine with more permeable tight junctions
Duodenum and jejunum
52
Mechanism of absorption in permeable tight junctions
Solvent drag
53
Substances that are too large to enter the blood vessels enter the
Lymphatic lacteal
54
The lateral cell surface of the enterocytes exhibit elaborate flattened cytoplasmic processes called
Plicae
55
These folds increase the lateral surface area
Plicae
56
The secretory function of enterocytes are represented morphologically by
Aligned stacks of Golgi cisternae Immediate supranuclear region Presence of free ribosomes and RER lateral to the Golgi apparatus
57
Small secretary vesicles containing glycoproteins are located in the apical cytoplasm just below the
Terminal web
58
True or false: the small intestine also secretes water and electrolytes
True
59
The secretion of water and electrolytes in the small intestine occurs mainly in the cells within
Intestinal glands
60
Under normal conditions the absorption of fluid by the villus enterocyte is balanced by
the secretion of fluid by the gland enterocyte
61
True or false: the goblet cells increase in number from the duodenum to the terminal part of the ileum
True
62
Mitochondria of goblet cells are concentrated
In the basal cytoplasm
63
True or false: microvilli are more obvious on the immature goblet cells in the deep 1/2 of the intestinal gland
True
64
These cells play a role in regulation of normal bacterial flora of the small intestine
Paneth cells
65
These cells are found in the bases of the intestinal glands
Paneth cells
66
The secretory vesicles of the Paneth cells contain
``` Lysozyme Alpha defensins Glycoproteins Zinc Arginine-rich protein ```
67
Digests the cell walls of certain groups of bacteria
Lysozyme
68
Homologs of peptides that function as mediators in cytotoxic CD8T lymphocytes
Alpha defensins
69
Where are the closed cells and open cells concentrated in the intestinal gland
Lower portion of the intestinal gland All levels of each villus
70
What are the most active regulators of gastrointestinal physiology
CCK Secretin Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) Motilin
71
What peptide hormones are released which increases pancreatic and the gall bladder activity and inhibit gastric secretory function and motility
CCK and secretin
72
Stimulates insulin release in the pancreas
GIP
73
Initiates gastric and intestinal motility
Motilin
74
Other peptides produced by enteroendocrine cells which are not considered hormones are called
Candidate hormones
75
Two hormones secreted by enteroendocrine cells that act as paracrine hormones
Somatostatin | Histamine
76
Define paracrine hormones
Hormones that have a local effect and do not circulate in the blood stream
77
Peptide secreted by the nerve cells in the submucosa and muscularis externa
Neurocrine hormones VIP bombesin Enkephalins
78
These convey microorganisms and other macromolecules from the intestine lumen to Peyer’s patches
M cells
79
What cells reside in the deep pocket like recess formed by M cells
Dendritic cells Macrophages T & B lymphocytes
80
Specialization on the apical surface of M cells
Microfolds
81
Function as highly specialized antigen transporting cells
M cells
82
Constitute the amplifying compartment of the intestinal stem cell niche
Intermediate cells
83
Principal molecule of mucosal immunity
Secretory IgA
84
What is the distinguishing characteristic of the duodenum
Presence of submucosal glands
85
Other name for submucosal glands
Brunners glands

Histology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions