Laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB) (ch.14) Flashcards
(16 cards)
What area does LTB (Laryngotracheobronchitis) affect? (3)
LTB affects the lower laryngeal area, trachea, and occasionally the bronchi.
What is LTB also known as?
LTB is also known as subglottic croup
What is the most common symptoms of LTB?
Hoarseness, cough, and onset of acute stridor in febrile (presence of fever) children
How is LTB spread?
LTB is spread through direct inhalation of a cough or sneeze or by touching contaminated surfaces and touching mucosal structures (eyes, nose, mouth).
Which viral infections are common causes of LTB?
Common viral infections include Flu A, B, C, RSV, Rhinovirus, Parainfluenza 1, 2, 3, Adenovirus, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae
When is LTB commonly seen?
LTB is commonly seen in late fall and winter seasons
What is the pathophysiology of LTB?
Viral upper respiratory tract infection causes nasopharyngeal inflammation that spreads to the larynx and trachea, leading to subglottic inflammation, edema, and reduced airway size, causing airway resistance and excessive work of breathing
What are the classic characteristic symptoms of LTB?
The characteristic symptoms include hoarseness, seal-like barking cough, and stridor
What is the “steeple sign”?
The “steeple sign” is seen on an AP and lateral radiograph of the neck, often associated with LTB.
What are the common clinical signs of severe LTB?
Severe LTB can present with tachypnea, tachycardia, visible retractions, poor air entry, hypoxemia, hypercapnia, and sudden respiratory arrest.
How long do symptoms of LTB usually last?
Symptoms of LTB usually resolve within 3-7 days but can last up to 2 weeks
What is the Westley score used for?
The Westley score is used to assess the severity of croup.
What are some management strategies for mild LTB?
Management for mild LTB includes parental reassurance, education about the course of the disease, and supportive home care.
What treatments are used for severe LTB?
Treatment for severe LTB includes corticosteroids, nebulized racemic epinephrine, IV hydration, and sometimes heliox. Antibiotics are not required unless there’s evidence of secondary bacterial infection.
Why is keeping the patient calm important in LTB management?
Keeping the patient calm is important to prevent increased work of breathing (WOB)
What is the role of corticosteroids in LTB treatment?
Corticosteroids help reduce airway inflammation in LTB.
