Unintentional Injuries (ch.18) Flashcards
(19 cards)
What are common types of unintentional injuries in children?
Foreign body aspiration, poisoning, near-drowning, and trauma
What age group has the highest rate of foreign body aspiration?
Children aged 1 to 4 years
Where do most aspirated objects lodge?
Right mainstem bronchus (55%)
What are key clinical signs of foreign body aspiration?
Sudden coughing, unilateral wheezing, stridor, cyanosis, persistent cough
What diagnostic tools are used for foreign body aspiration?
Chest X-ray, fluoroscopy, CT, and bronchoscopy
How is foreign body aspiration treated?
Coughing encouragement, bronchoscopy, emergent cricothyrotomy for complete obstruction
What is the leading cause of death in U.S. children?
Trauma (especially blunt trauma)
Trauma is an injury to the body caused by any external source
What injuries are common in blunt trauma?
Pulmonary contusions, pneumothorax, ARDS, head injury, hemorrhage
What imaging is used in trauma evaluation?
CXR, CT, MRI, ultrasound, skeletal survey
What are advanced treatments for trauma?
Mechanical ventilation, ECMO, ARDS protocols, blood transfusion
What causes penetrating trauma?
Knives, bullets, sharp objects, or vehicle glass
What is flail chest?
Fracture of 2+ ribs in 2+ places, causing paradoxical chest wall motion
What complications are associated with penetrating trauma?
Pneumonia, ARDS, sepsis, hemorrhage, long-term brain injury
What toxins cause hypoxia through inhalation?
Carbon monoxide, cyanide gas
What are common interventions for penetrating trauma?
Activated charcoal, gastric lavage, renal replacement, oxygen therapy
What specific treatment is used for CO poisoning?
High-dose and/or hyperbaric oxygen
What are signs of prolonged submersion with near drowning?
Cardiopulmonary arrest, neurologic symptoms, pulmonary edema
What interventions may be needed for near drowning patients?
CPR, intubation, ECMO, ventilator support, neuroprotective strategies
Diagnosis for near drowning?
