Larynx

Question 1

Larynx

1. Located at what vertebral levels?
2. Links what 2 parts of your body
3. Other 2 functions?

Answer 1

1. C3-C6
2. Pharynx to trachea
3. Prevents food getting into air passages and is the organ of phonation

Question 2

Larynx is composed of 6 cartilages:

1. What are the 3 large unpaired ones?
2. 3 smaller paired ones?~not super important

Answer 2

1. Thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis

2. Arytenoid, corniculate, and cuneiform

Question 3

Thyroid cartilage:

1. Forms what landmark?
2. Location of superior thyroid notch?
3. What forms the superior and inferior horns?
4. Location/function of the oblique
5. Inferior horns articulate with?

Answer 3

1. Laryngeal prominence
2. Immediately superior to laryngeal prominence
3. Posterior border of each lamina projecting superior and inferiorly
4. Ridge on lateral part of each lamina; muscle attachment
5. Cricoid cartilage

Question 4

What 3 muscles attach to the oblique line of the thyroid cartilage

Answer 4

Sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, and inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscles

Question 5

Cricoid cartilage:

1. Location in relation to thyroid cartilage
2. Anterior and posterior parts are called?
3. On each side, there is an articular facet for what?
4. Where on the cricoid cartilage does the base of arytenoid cartilage connect?
5. Inferior border marks boundary between?

Answer 5

1. Inferior to thyroid cartilage
2. Anterior= arch; posterior= lamina
3. Inferior horn of thyroid cartilage
4. On the superior border of lamina
5. Larynx and trachea

Question 6

Epiglottis:

1. Made of what type of cartilage
2. Superior end is attached to __ by what ligament?
3. Inferior end is attached to __ by what ligament?

Answer 6

1. Elastic
2. Hyoid bone; hyoepiglottic ligament
3. Angle formed by 2 laminae of thyroid cartilage; thyroepiglottic ligament

Question 7

Arytenoid cartilage:

1. Location
2. Direction of its base? What does it articulate with?
3. Direction of its apex? What is it related to?
4. What 2 processes originate from its base?

Answer 7

1. One on each side of the superior border of cricoid lamina
2. Directed inferiorly; articulates with lamina of cricoid
3. Directed superiorly; related to corniculate cartilage
4. Vocal process and muscular process

Question 8

Vocal process of arytenoid cartilage:

1. Directed __?
2. Gives attachment to?

Answer 8

1. Anteriorly

2. Vocal ligament

Question 9

Muscular process of arytenoid cartilage:

1. Directed __
2. Gives attachment to?

Answer 9

1. Laterally

2. Posterior and lateral cricoarytenoid muscles

Question 10

Corniculate cartilage:

1. Location
2. Forms __ tubercle, where?

Answer 10

1. Lies on apex of arytenoid cartilage

2. Corniculate tubercle, in lower part of aryepiglottic fold

Question 11

Cuneiform cartilage location

Answer 11

Lower part of aryepiglottic fold, just above corniculate cartilage

Question 12

Cricothyroid joint (one on each side):

1. Between?
2. Allows what motion?

Answer 12

1. Inferior horn of thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage

2. Allows thyroid cartilage to tilt forward and backward on cricoid cartilage

Question 13

Cricoarytenoid joint:

1. Between?
2. Allows what movement?
3. How do vocal processes move during motion?

Answer 13

1. Superior border of cricoid lamina and base of arytenoid cartilage
2. Rotation of arytenoid around vertical axis and gliding of arytenoid
3. Either away or towards midline during the rotation

Question 14

Thyrohyoid membrane:

1. Function
2. Connects what 2 things?
3. Pierced by?

Answer 14

1. Suspends larynx from hyoid bone
2. Body and greater horn of hyoid to upper border and superior horns of thyroid cartilage
3. Internal laryngeal nerve and superior laryngeal vessels

Question 15

Vocal ligament location

Answer 15

Extends from vocal process of arytenoid to angle between laminae of thyroid cartilage

Question 16

Cricovocal membrane

1. Aka
2. Location
3. Anteriorly, in midline, it is known as?

Answer 16

1. Conus elasticus
2. From vocal ligaments (superiorly) to arch of cricoid cartilage (inferiorly)
3. Median cricothyroid ligament

Question 17

Quadrangular membrane:

1. Location
2. Extends from where to where?
3. Inferior, free border is known as?

Answer 17

1. Upper part of larynx
2. From lateral margin of epiglottis to arytenoid cartilage
3. Vestibular ligament

Question 18

Laryngeal inlet:

1. Communication between?
2. Bounded by what 3 things?
3. 2 mucosal folds that project into laryngeal lumen? Where are they in relation to each other

Answer 18

1. Laryngopharynx and larynx
2. Superior border of epiglottis, aryepiglottic folds, and interarytenoid folds
3. Vestibular fold (superior) and vocal fold (inferior)

Question 19

1. Vestibular fold is also known as?

2. Vocal fold is also known as?

Answer 19

1. False vocal cord

2. True vocal cord

Question 20

1. Location of laryngeal vestibule?
2. Space between right and left vestibular folds is called?
3. Space between vestibular and vocal folds on same side is called?

Answer 20

1. Extends from laryngeal inlet to vestibular folds
2. Rima vestibuli
3. Ventricle of larynx

Question 21

Ventricle of larynx contains what? Function?

Answer 21

Mucus glands that lubricate vocal folds

Question 22

Vocal fold:

1. Structure
2. Contains? Where?

Answer 22

1. Prominent, wedge shaped mucosal fold

2. Vocal ligament close to its free margin

Question 23

Rima glottidis

1. Location
2. Changes shape when?

Answer 23

1. Between right and left vocal folds

2. When vocal folds/arytenoid cartilages move

Question 24

Glottis:

1. Main feature
2. Consists of ? Whats between them

Answer 24

1. Most directly concerned with the production of sounds

2. Consists of 2 vocal folds and space between them (rima glottidis)

Question 25

1. Lower part of laryngeal cavity is called? | 2. Extends from

Answer 25

1. Infraglottic part of larynx | 2. From vocal folds (superiorly) to inferior border of cricoid cartilage

Question 26

Cricothyroid: 1. Origin 2. Insertion 3. Action 4. Contraction of this muscle increases the distance between what 2 things?

Answer 26

1. Arch of cricoid cartilage 2. Lamina and inferior horn of thyroid cartilage 3. Tilts thyroid cartilage forward and tenses vocal folds 4. Thyroid and arytenoid cartilages

Question 27

Posterior cricoarytenoid: 1. Origin 2. Insertion 3. Action

Answer 27

1. Posterior surface of cricoid lamina 2. Muscular process of arytenoid 3. Abductor of vocal fold

Question 28

Transverse arytenoid (unpaired muscle): 1. Insertion 2. Action 3. Pulls arytenoid cartilage __

Answer 28

1. To posterior sides of both arytenoid cartilages 2. Adductor of vocal folds 3. Medially

Question 29

Lateral cricoarytenoid: 1. Origin 2. Insertion 3. Action

Answer 29

1. Upper margin of arch of cricoid 2. Muscular process of arytenoid 3. Adductor of vocal fold

Question 30

Thyroarytenoid: 1. Origin 2. Insertion 3. Draws arytenoid cartilage __ 4. __ tension vocal fold

Answer 30

1. Inner aspect of thyroid lamina (close to anterior midline) 2. Anterolateral surface of arytenoid 3. Forward 4. Decreases (relaxes)

Question 31

Vocalis: 1. Formed by fibers of what muscle 2. Closely related to __; function? 3. Responsible for?

Answer 31

1. Medial fibers of thyroarytenoid 2. Vocal ligament; tenses and relaxes different parts of it 3. Control of pitch

Question 32

1. Motor innervation of cricothyroid? | 2. All other muscles are motor innervated by?

Answer 32

1. External laryngeal nerve (branch of superior laryngeal nerve) 2. Recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 33

1. Sensory innervation of laryngeal mucosa from inlet to vocal folds? 2. Sensory innervation of laryngeal mucosa below vocal folds?

Answer 33

1. Internal laryngeal nerve (branch of superior laryngeal nerve) 2. Recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 34

1. What 2 arteries supply the larynx 2. Those arteries are branches of 3. What nerves do they accompany

Answer 34

1. Superior laryngeal and inferior laryngeal arteries 2. Superior thyroid and inferior thyroid arteries 3. Internal laryngeal nerve and recurrent laryngeal nerve respectively

Question 35

Superior and inferior laryngeal veins join which veins? These veins drain into?

Answer 35

Superior thyroid vein which drains into internal jugular vein Inferior thyroid vein which drains into brachiocephalic vein

Question 36

1. Lymph drainage above vocal folds: | 2. Lymph drainage below vocal folds: (2 options)

Answer 36

1. Lymph vessels accompany superior laryngeal artery and terminate in deep cervical nodes 2. Some lymph vessels pass thru conus elasticus to get to prelaryngeal/pretracheal and paratracheal nodes; some accompany inferior laryngeal artery to deep cervical nodes

Question 37

1. People with tumors above or below their vocal folds will usually have what symptoms? 2. Diseases of the larynx usually have what 2 symptoms?

Answer 37

1. Alteration in their voice (usually a late sign) | 2. Hoarseness in their throat and respiratory problems (airway could be restricted)

Question 38

Why does disease take longer to spread in the larynx?

Answer 38

Not a lot of lymph nodes in the larynx so it takes longer to spread to regional lymph nodes