Oral Cavity

Question 1

1. The oral cavity starts and ends where?

2. What are the 2 parts of the oral cavity called?

Answer 1

1. Lips to oropharyngeal isthmus

2. Vestibule and oral cavity proper

Question 2

1. Where is the vestibule of the oral cavity
2. What does the vestibule communicate with
3. Location of labial frenula
4. Location of parotid papilla
5. Parotid papilla marks the opening of?

Answer 2

1. If you stick your finger in your mouth between your cheek and teeth
2. With exterior via oral fissure (open mouth)
3. Midline mucosal fold on inner aspect of lips to gingiva (between central incisor teeth)
4. Small elevation on mucosa of cheek opposite 2nd maxillary molar
5. Opening of parotid duct into oral vestibule

Question 3

Boundaries of oral cavity:

1. Anterior and lateral
2. Posterior
3. Roof
4. Floor

Answer 3

1. Teeth and gingiva
2. Oropharyngeal isthmus
3. Palate
4. Mylohyoid muscles (2 coming together)

Question 4

1. Oropharyngeal isthmus is the space between?
2. Mylohyoid muscles support what 2 things?
3. Mylohyoid muscle support is reinforced by?

Answer 4

1. Space between right and left palatoglossal arches (folds)
2. Tongue and structures of floor of mouth
3. Medially by geniohyoid muscle

Question 5

How much of the palate is hard vs soft?

Hard palate is mostly composed of? Soft?

Answer 5

Hard palate is anterior 2/3; soft is posterior 1/3

Hard= bone; soft= glands and such

Question 6

Hard palate is formed by what parts of what 2 bones?

Answer 6

Palatine processes of maxillae and horizontal plates of palatine bones

Question 7

When soft palate is relaxed, it extends where?

Separates what 2 things?

Answer 7

Extends posteriorly and inferiorly into pharynx (separates nasopharynx from oropharynx)

Question 8

Soft palate:

1. Where is its free border? What does it contain?
2. Becomes continuous with what 2 things?
3. Location of the tonsillar fossa (sinus) and what it contains?

Answer 8

1. Posterior; uvula
2. Palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches
3. Between the 2 arches of the same side; occupied by palatine tonsil

Question 9

Palatoglossal arch:

1. Anterior or posterior?
2. Extended from _ to _
3. Covers?

Answer 9

1. Anterior
2. Soft palate to side of tongue
3. Palatoglossus muscle

Question 10

Palatopharyngeal arch:

1. Anterior or posterior?
2. Extends from?
3. Covers what muscle?

Answer 10

1. Posterior
2. Soft palate to pharyngeal wall
3. Palatopharyngeus muscle

Question 11

Levator veli palatini:

1. Muscle of hard or soft palate?
2. Location?
3. Creates mucosal elevation called?
4. Action
5. Why is this action important?

Answer 11

1. Soft
2. Under mucosa of nasopharynx, inferior to pharyngeal opening of auditory tube
3. Torus levatorius
4. Elevates soft palate to separate nasopharynx from oropharynx
5. Prevents food from getting into nasal cavity

Question 12

Tensor veli palatini:

1. Location
2. Course of its tendons
3. Action

Answer 12

1. Anterior and lateral to levator veli palatini
2. Tendon curves around pterygoid hamulus and becomes continuous with palatine aponeurosis
3. Tenses soft palate and opens pharyngeal opening of auditory tube

Question 13

Palatoglossus:

1. Located within
2. Origin
3. Insertion
4. Action (3)

Answer 13

1. Palatoglossal arch
2. Soft palate
3. Side of tongue
4. Elevates posterior part of tongue, depresses soft palate, approximates 2 palatoglossal arches

Question 14

Palatopharyngeus:

1. Located within
2. Origin
3. Insertion
4. Action (3)

Answer 14

1. Palatopharyngeal arch
2. Soft palate
3. Pharyngeal wall
4. Elevates pharynx during swallowing, depresses soft palate, approximates 2 palatopharyngeal arches

Question 15

Musculus uvulae:

1. Location
2. Insertion
3. Action (2)

Answer 15

1. Midline
2. Mucosa of uvula
3. Shortens uvula and pulls it superiorly

Question 16

1. Motor innervation of tensor veli palatini?

2. Motor innervation of all other muscles

Answer 16

1. Mandibular nerve (V3)

2. Vagus nerve

Question 17

Sensory innervation is provided by what 4 branches of what nerve?

Answer 17

Greater/lesser palatine, nasopalatine, and tonsillar branches of glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 18

Arteries of the palate (and their branches if applicable)(3)

Answer 18

Greater and lesser palatine arteries (from maxillary), palatine branches (from facial) and ascending pharyngeal arteries

Question 19

Veins of the palate drain into?

Lymph vessels drain into?

Answer 19

Pterygoid venous plexus

Deep cervical lymph nodes

Question 20

1. What is the root of the tongue?
2. Where is it located?
3. Where is the body of the tongue?
4. Where is it located?

Answer 20

1. Posterior 1/3
2. Oropharynx
3. Anterior 2/3
4. Oral cavity

Question 21

1. What does the terminal sulcus separate?

2. What is located at the end of the terminal sulcus? What does it indicate?

Answer 21

1. Root and body of tongue

2. Foramen cecum; marks site where endodermal epithelium invaginated in embryo to form the thyroid gland

Question 22

What does the median sulcus divide?

Answer 22

Divides tongue into right and left halves

Question 23

When looking at the underside of the tongue, you can see the following things. Where are they located:

1. Lingual frenulum
2. Sublingual caruncle (papilla)
3. Sublingual fold

Answer 23

1. Connects inferior surface of tongue to floor of oral cavity in midline
2. Lateral to the base of lingual frenulum
3. Posterior and lateral from sublingual caruncle

Question 24

1. Sublingual caruncle marks opening of?

2. How is the sublingual fold raised?

Answer 24

1. Submandibular duct

2. Underlying sublingual gland

Question 25

Difference between intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles

Answer 25

Extrinsic originate OUTSIDE tongue and insert into tongue

Question 26

1. Name 4 extrinsic tongue muscles | 2. Name 4 intrinsic tongue muscles

Answer 26

1. Genioglossus, hyoglossus, stylogossus and palatoglossus | 2. Superior and inferior longitudinal, transverse and vertical muscles

Question 27

Genioglossus: 1. Origin 2. Insertion (of inferior, middle and superior fibers) 3. Action of middle and inferior fibers 4. What happens if this muscle is not fully functional on one side?

Answer 27

1. Mental spine of mandible (above geniohyoid) 2. Inferior=body of hyoid; middle= dorsum of tongue; superior= tip of tongue 3. Protrude tongue in midline 4. Tip of tongue deviates TOWARDS affected side on attempted protrusion

Question 28

Hyoglossus: 1. Shape 2. Origin 3. Insertion 4. Action

Answer 28

1. Quadrilateral 2. Greater horn, body and lesser horn of hyoid bone 3. Lateral aspect of tongue 4. Depresses tongue

Question 29

Styloglossus: 1. Origin 2. Insertion 3. Action

Answer 29

1. Styloid process 2. Lateral aspect of tongue 3. Elevates and retracts tongue

Question 30

1. Motor innervation of both extrinsic and intrinsic tongue muscles? 2. Exception 3. General sensory innervation to anterior 2/3? Posterior 1/3? Small area adjacent to epiglottis? 4. What provides sensory innervation to the vallate papillae?

Answer 30

1. Hypoglossal nerve 2. Palatoglossus is innervated by vagus nerve 3. Anterior= lingual nerve (branch of V3); posterior= glossopharyngeal; small area adjacent to epiglottis= vagus via internal laryngeal nerve 4. Glossopharyngeal

Question 31

Lingual artery: 1. Where does it come off external carotid? 2. How does it run in relation to the hyoglossus muscle? 3. Hyoglossus muscle separates lingual artery from ? 4. Where does lingual artery run to?

Answer 31

1. Opposite the tip of greater horn of hyoid 2. Medial to muscle 3. Hypoglossal nerve (which runs lateral to hyoglossus) 4. Tip of tongue

Question 32

Branches of the lingual artery: 1. Suprahyoid - runs along? 2. Dorsal lingual arteries - originates where? Supplies? (2) 3. Sublingual artery- originates where? Supplies? (3) 4. Deep lingual artery- runs where? Supplies? Anastomoses with?

Answer 32

1. Runs along superior border of hyoid bone 2. Originates medial to hyoglossus; supplies posterior part of tongue and palatine tonsil 3. Anterior border of hyoglossus; sublingual gland, mylohyoid muscle, and mucus membrane of floor of mouth 4. To tip of tongue (this is terminal branch*); supplies anterior part of tongue and anastomoses with its fellow near tip of tongue

Question 33

1. Lingual veins accompany lingual artery as __; drains into? 2. Vena comitans of hypoglossal nerve: course? Drains into? Compare size to lingual vein

Answer 33

1. 2 venae comitantes; internal jugular vein 2. Passes lateral to hyoglossus muscle with hypoglossal nerve; drains into facial vein; usually larger than lingual veins

Question 34

Lymph drainage: 1. What part of tongue drains into deep cervical nodes? Specifically which node? 2. Oral part of tongue drains directly into deep cervical nodes and indirectly thru which 2 nodes?

Answer 34

1. Pharyngeal part; jugulodigastric node | 2. Submental and submandibular lymph nodes

Question 35

Glossopharyngeal nerve: 1. Arises from 2. What foramen does it exit the skull? 3. What kind of fibers does it contain 4. At this level,it has 2 ganglia what are they called and what kind of fibers?

Answer 35

1. Medulla of brain stem 2. Jugular foramen 3. Sensory and motor 4. Superior and inferior glossopharyngeal ganglia; sensory

Question 36

Glossopharyngeal nerve course: 1. Descends posterior to what muscle 2. Passes between __ to enter pharynx 3. Then passes anteriorly thru 4. Ends where?

Answer 36

1. Stylopharyngeus 2. Superior and middle constrictor muscles 3. Thru tonsillar fossa (lateral to palatine tonsil) 4. Posterior 1/3 tongue

Question 37

Branches of glossopharyngeal nerve: 1. Tympanic nerve: supplies/type of fibers; gives rise to what nerve? 2. Carotid sinus nerve: supplies? 3. Muscular branch: supplies 4. Pharyngeal branches: supplies/type of fibers? 5. Tonsillar branches: supplies/type of fibers 6. Lingual branches: supplies/type of fibers

Answer 37

1. Sensory to mucosa of tympanic cavity and auditory tube; plexus gives rise to lesser petrosal nerve 2. Supplies baroreceptors of carotid sinus and chemoreceptors of carotid body 3. Stylopharyngeus 4. Sensory to a large part of pharyngeal mucosa 5. Sensory to mucosa of palatine tonsil and posterior margin of soft palate 6. Sensory and special sensory (taste) to mucosa of posterior 1/3 of tongue, including vallate papillae

Question 38

What type of fibers do the lesser petrosal nerve carry? Where do they carry fibers to? Which is located where?

Answer 38

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers Otic ganglion located in the infratemporal fossa

Question 39

Submandibular gland: 1. What type of gland? 2. Wraps around what muscle? Specifically 3. Location (and size) of its superficial part 4. Location (and size) of its deep part; gives rise to?

Answer 39

1. Salivary (along with parotid and sublingual) 2. Posterior border of mylohyoid 3. Larger; inferior to mylohyoid, in submandibular (digastric) triangle of the neck 4. Smaller; superior to mylohyoid muscle; submandibular duct

Question 40

1. Where does submandibular duct pass in relation to sublingual gland? 2. Where does the submandibular duct open into? 3. Where does lingual nerve pass in relation to the submandibular duct

Answer 40

1. Passes medial to sublingual gland 2. Opens into floor of oral cavity at tip of sublingual caruncle 3. Passes inferior to submandibular duct, crossing it from lateral to medial before entering tongue

Question 41

Sublingual gland: 1. Size 2. Location 3. Covered superiorly by 4. Small ducts that originate from this gland open along __

Answer 41

1. Smallest of major salivary glands 2. Rests on mylohyoid 3. Mucosa of floor of mouth (gland raises mucosa to form sublingual fold) 4. Sublingual fold of floor of mouth