Triangles Of The Neck

Question 1

Mandible has what two lines?

Answer 1

Digastric and mylohyoid lines

Question 2

Name the 2 deep muscles the neck

Answer 2

Scalenes and prevertebral muscles

Question 3

Scalenes are homologous to which muscles located in a different part of the body

Answer 3

Hypaxial body wall musculature

Question 4

2 intermediate muscles of the neck

Answer 4

Suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles

Question 5

1. Suprahyoid muscles extend between

2. Infrahyoid muscles extend between

Answer 5

1. Hyoid and skull

2. Hyoid and cartilages of trunk

Question 6

3 superficial muscles of the neck

Answer 6

Trapezius, SCM and platysma

Question 7

Trapezius and SCM have 2 innervations; what are they

Answer 7

Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)(main) and cervical rami

Question 8

All the triangles of the neck are based on relation to ?

Answer 8

SCM

Question 9

Boundaries of the anterior triangle

Anterior triangle has 2 subsections of triangles. What are these triangles called

Answer 9

SCM, anterior midline of neck, and mandible

Submental triangle and digastric triangle

Question 10

Boundaries of the submental triangle

Answer 10

Hyoid, digastric, and mylohyoid

Question 11

Boundaries of digastric triangle

Answer 11

Mandible, digastric, and mylohyoid

Question 12

Boundaries of the posterior triangle (this is not a subsection; this is its own triangle)

Answer 12

Anterior trapezius, posterior SCM, and clavicle

Question 13

SCM

1. Origin
2. Insertion
3. Innervation
4. Action

Answer 13

1. Manubrium (sternal head); medial clavicle (clavicular head)
2. Mastoid process and superior nuchal line
3. CN XI
4. Rotates head, laterally flexes neck, anteriorly flexes cervical vertebrae, and extends atlanto-occipital joint

Question 14

What are the 4 suprahyoid muscles?

Answer 14

Geniohyoid, mylohyoid, digastric and stylohyoid

Question 15

Geniohyoid

1. Origin
2. Insertion
3. Innervation
4. Action

Answer 15

1. Internal mandibular symphysis
2. Body of hyoid
3. C1 via hypoglossal nerve
4. Elevates hyoid

Question 16

Mylohyoid

1. Origin
2. Insertion
3. Innervation
4. Action

Answer 16

1. Mylohyoid on the interior of the mandible
2. Body of hyoid
3. CN V3
4. Elevates hyoid, raises floor of mouth

Question 17

Digastric

1. Origin
2. Insertion
3. Innervation
4. Action

Answer 17

1. Digastric notch medial to mastoid (posterior), internal mandibular symphysis (anterior)
2. Digastric tendon
3. CN V3 (anterior), CN VII (posterior)
4. Assists in opening the mouth, elevates hyoid

Question 18

Stylohyoid

1. Origin
2. Insertion
3. Innervation
4. Action

Answer 18

1. Styloid process of temporal bone
2. Body of hyoid
3. CN VII
4. Elevates hyoid bone; assists in opening mandible

Question 19

Name the 4 infrahyoid (strap) muscles

Answer 19

Sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid, and thyrohyoid

Question 20

Sternohyoid

1. Origin
2. Insertion
3. Innervation
4. Action

Answer 20

1. Manubrium
2. Body of hyoid
3. Ansa cervicalis C1-C3
4. Depresses hyoid and larynx

Question 21

Omohyoid

1. Origin
2. Insertion
3. Innervation
4. Action

Answer 21

1. Upper border of scapula
2. Body of hyoid
3. Ansa cervicalis C1-C3
4. Depresses hyoid and larynx

Question 22

Sternothyroid

1. Origin
2. Insertion
3. Innervation
4. Action

Answer 22

1. Manubrium
2. Oblique line on lamina of thyroid cartilage
3. Ansa cervicalis C1-C3
4. Depresses thyroid cartilage and larynx

Question 23

Thyrohyoid

1. Origin
2. Insertion
3. Innervation
4. Action

Answer 23

1. Oblique line on lamina of thyroid cartilage
2. Greater horn of hyoid
3. C1 hypoglossal nerve
4. Depresses hyoid; elevates thyroid

Question 24

Posterior triangle contains structures that are going where?

Answer 24

To upper limb

Question 25

1. What forms the interscalene triangle? 2. What passes through this triangle? 3. What is at the bottom of this triangle? 4. What does the anterior scalene form at its origin?

Answer 25

1. Anterior scalene and middle scalene 2. Cervical ventral rami and subclavian artery and T1 ventral ramus inferiorly 3. Subclavian vein (passes anterior to anterior scalene across 1st rib) 4. Scalene tubercle (on 1st rib)

Question 26

What muscles of the neck are considered non triangle muscles?

Answer 26

Prevertebral muscles

Question 27

Anterior scalene 1. Origin 2. Insertion 3. Innervation 4. Action

Answer 27

1. 1st rib 2. Anterior tubercles of C3-C6 3. C4-C7 4. Lateral flexion of neck and elevation of ribcage

Question 28

Middle scalene 1. Origin 2. Insertion 3. Innervation 4. Action

Answer 28

1. 1st rib 2. Posterior tubercles of C2-C7 3. C3-C7 4. Lateral flexion of neck and elevation of ribcage

Question 29

Posterior scalene 1. Origin 2. Insertion 3. Innervation 4. Action

Answer 29

1. 2nd rib 2. Posterior tubercles of C4-C6 3. C5-C7 4. Lateral flexion of neck and elevation of the ribcage

Question 30

Prevertebral muscles - Longus Capitis 1. Origin 2. Insertion 3. Innervation 4. Action

Answer 30

1. Cervical vertebrae 2. Occipital bone 3. C1-C4 4. Anterior flexion of neck

Question 31

Prevertebral muscles- longus colii 1. Origin 2. Insertion 3. Innervation 4. Action

Answer 31

1. Thoracic and cervical vertebrae 2. Cervical vertebrae 3. C2-C8 4. Anterior flexion of neck

Question 32

2 sources of innervation: 1. Hypaxial strap muscles get their innervation from? 2. Branchial muscles get their innervation from?

Answer 32

1. Ventral rami of C1-C4 spinal nerves (cervical plexus and superficial innervation) 2. CN VII, X, XI, and XII

Question 33

1. What is the main part of the cervical plexus? 2. What is it formed by? 3. What does it supply

Answer 33

1. Ansa cervicalis 2. Two looping nerve connections between descendens hypoglossi and descendens cervicalis 3. Infrahyoid muscles

Question 34

Descenden hypoglossi 1. How does it run 2. Where does it come from

Answer 34

1. Along hypoglossal nerve superiorly | 2. C1

Question 35

Descendens cervicalis 1. Where does it come from 2. How does it run

Answer 35

1. C2-C3 | 2. Posterior to internal jugular

Question 36

What two muscles are supplied by C1? C1 branches follow the path of the

Answer 36

Geniohyoid and thyrohyoid muscles Hypoglossal nerve

Question 37

C1-C4 give off short branches to what 2 muscles?

Answer 37

Adjacent prevertebral and scalene muscles

Question 38

C4-C5 contribute to?

Answer 38

Brachial plexus

Question 39

What provides superficial innervation in the neck What are these 3 nerves Where do you look for these 3 nerves?

Answer 39

Branches that emerge from loop connecting C2-C3 Lesser occipital nerve, greater auricular nerve, and transverse cervical nerve Posterior to SCM

Question 40

One more superficial nerve emerges from ___; what is this nerve called?

Answer 40

Supraclavicular nerve; emerges from loop connecting C3-C4