Larynx Module Flashcards
1
Q
The larynx is responsible for what 3 things
A
respiration, phonation, protection
2
Q
number of cartilages in the laryngeal framework
A
9
3
Q
how many cartilages in the laryngeal framework are paired
A
3
4
Q
the largest cartilage in the larynx
A
thyroid cartilage
5
Q
cartilage that forms the front and sides of the larynx
A
thyroid cartilage
6
Q
Thyroid ______ fuse together to create the ____ _____ in the middle. v-shaped
A
laminae, thyroid notch
7
Q
another name for the Adam’s apple
A
Thyroid Prominence
8
Q
Vocal cords attach to the inside of the ____ _____
A
thyroid notch
9
Q
the lowest part of the larynx
A
cricoid cartilage
10
Q
the ring that fully encircles the trachea
A
cricoid cartilage
11
Q
the lower horns of the thyroid cartilage fit into the _____ cartilage to form a ______
A
cricoid, joint
12
Q
Vocal folds attach here and aid in the movement of
them
A
Arytenoid cartilages
13
Q
the arytenoid cartilages are articulated with the _______ ______
A
cricoid cartilage
14
Q
cap the top of the arytenoids
A
corniculate cartilages
15
Q
where the aryepiglottic fold inserts and how the nodule-shape in the fold is made
A
corniculate cartilages
16
Q
supports the lateral aspects of the epiglottis and the vocal folds
A
cuneiform cartilages
17
Q
move with the arytenoids and are located above and in front of the corniculate cartilages
A
cuneiform cartilages
18
Q
the whiteish bulge through the mucosa when viewed laryngoscopically
A
cuneiform cartilages
19
Q
cartilage positioned behind the hyoid bone and the base of the tongue
A
epiglottis
20
Q
The epiglottis attaches to the inside of the ______ _____ just below the thyroid notch
A
thyroid cartilage
21
Q
the only floating bone in the body
A
hyoid
22
Q
the hyoid bone is protected by the ____ and the ____ ____
A
mandible and the cervical spine
23
Q
_____ = horn of the hyoid bone
A
cornu
24
Q
joins cricoid with thyroid cartilages
A
cricothyroid joint
25
the cricothyroid joint ____ and ______ to control the ______ of the vocal folds
rotates and glides to control the tension
26
changing the tension of the vocal folds affects what
pitch
27
joins the cricoid cartilage with arytenoids
cricoarytenoid joint
28
the cricoarytenoid joint _____ and ______ to ____, _____, and ____ the vocal folds
rocks and glides to open, close, and tighten
29
the only functionally mobile points in the larynx
the cricothyroid and cricoarytenoid joints
30
extends from the bottom of the cricoid cartilage to the laryngeal aditus (opening of the cavity of the larynx)
laryngeal cavity
31
The _____ _____ comprises the tops of arytenoid and corniculate cartilages, sides of epiglottis, and aryepiglottic folds
laryngeal cavity
32
The _______ ______ run between the arytenoid cartilages and epiglottis and envelop the aryepiglottic muscles and cuneiform cartilages
aryepiglottic folds
33
these structures sometimes can produce phonation and cause the growly sound in a jazz singers voice
aryepiglottic folds
34
The laryngeal vestibule is the hallway between the ______ _____ and the ______ ______
laryngeal aditus and the ventricular folds
35
space located between the true and false vocal cords that houses more than 60 mucous glands
laryngeal ventricle
36
vocal folds are comprised of what 5 layers
epithelium, superficial lamina propria, intermediate lp, deep lp, thyroarytenoid muscle
37
the free margin of VFs are approx. ___mm in men and ___mm in women
15, 12
38
Membranous portion of vfs (anterior) makes up ____ of the length
60%
39
Cartilaginous portion of vfs(posterior) makes up _____ of the length
40%
40
At rest, the posterior glottis is approximately _____ wide except during forced respiration
8 mm
41
Thyrohyoid membrane: spans between the thyroid cartilage and the ______ _______
hyoid bone
42
Hyo-epiglottic ligament: Connects the hyoid bone to the ______ aspect of the _____
anterior aspect of the epiglottis
43
________ ligament: connects to the stalk of the epiglottis to the inside of the thyroid prominence (just below the notch)
Thyroepiglottic
44
Cricothyroid ligament: originates from the cricoid cartilage and extends _______ where it terminates with a free unattached upper margin
superiorly
45
cricothyroid membrane: upper free margin forms the vocal _______
ligament
46
vocal ligament
47
_______ ______ work as a unit to elevate and depress the entire larynx
extrinsic muscles
48
have one point of attachment outside of the larynx
extrinsic muscles
49
______ _______: responsible for elevating the larynx
suprahyoid muscles
50
the _____ muscles contribute to the floor of the mouth which bridges the mandible and assist with chewing, swallowing, and speech
suprahyoid
51
_____ ______: responsible for depressing the larynx
infrahyoid muscles
52
only infrahyoid muscle that depresses the larynx by way of the thyroid cartilage
sternohyoid
53
________ _______ work together to close, open, tense, and relax the larynx (specifically the vocal folds)
intrinsic muscles
54
insertion and origin are both in the larynx (laryngeal cartilages)
intrinsic muscles
55
the laryngeal ______ is the space going down into the larynx
inlet
56
type of intrinsic muscle that controls the laryngeal inlet
sphincters
57
type of intrinsic muscle that increases length and tension of vocal folds
tensors
58
type of intrinsic muscle that decrease length and tension of vocal folds
muscles that relax
59
type of intrinsic muscle that bring the vocal folds together
adductors
60
type of intrinsic muscles that pulls the vocal folds apart
abductors
61
only abductor muscle
posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
62
muscle that makes up the bulk of the vocal folds
thyroarytenoid muscle
63
what happens perceptually when vocal cords get shorter
pitch gets deeper
64
slack of vocal folds with reduced air flow causes what?
vocal fry
65
The ______ is moved downward by elevation of the larynx
epiglottis
66
the larynx needs good excursion. What is excursion
the ability to close everything off to prevent aspiration
67
the larynx helps to control _________ and __________ pressures
thoracic and abdominal
68
4 laryngeal control variables
glottal size and configuration, airway resistance, stiffness of vocal folds, and effective mass of vocal folds
69
_____ ______ _____ is the opposition provided by the larynx to the mass flow of air through it. Provided by the vocal folds. Allows us to speak and helps us build up pressure
laryngeal airway resistance
70
Increased stiffness of VFs= ______ frequency of vibration = a _______ pitch
increased, higher
71
______ ______ can change the effective mass of the vocal folds
Medial compression
72
this non-speech laryngeal function increases pressure for heaving, lifting, pushing, etc.
adduction
73
The process by which the vocal folds produce sound
phonation
74
Occurs by way of vocal fold approximation and air passing through to create vibration
phonation
75
vocal folds coming together at the midline but not ALL the way together. Still leaves room for air to come through
vocal fold approximation
76
the rate of vibration of vocal folds
frequency
77
The amount of air passing through out vocal chords dictates _____
intensity
78
intensity is perceptually registered as _______
loudness
79
5 steps to the production of speech
1. vocal folds adduct
2. air pressure increases in tracheal airspace
3. abrupt release of adductory force followed by abrupt release of tracheal pressure
4. rapid flow of air through the glottis and generation of turbulence noise
5. air is shaped by structure in the oral and nasal cavities
80
during vocal fold vibrations, the medial surface of the vocal folds separate at the ________ first and return to midline at the ______ first
bottom, bottom
81
the wave-like motion of the vocal cords during vibration is referred to as mucosal wave or ______ ______ _____
vertical phase difference
82
High ________ pressure pushes vocal folds away from the midline creating a convergent glottis
intraglottal
83
3 theories of phonation
neurochronaxic theory, myoelastic-aerodynamic theory, cover-body theory
84
the earliest theory of phonation which hypothesized that vibration occurred as a result of pulsed muscular contractions. Gave total control to the nervous system
the neurochronaxic theory
85
theory of phonation proposed by Van Den Berg. The vibration occurs as a result of tissue elasticity and the Bernoulli effect
myoelastic-aerodynamic theory
86
Theory of phonation proposed by Titze. the tissues of the VFs are loosely bound and therefore oscillate freely to produce vibrations.
Cover-body theory
87
the rate and quality of vocal fold vibration is influenced by what 4 qualities
elasticity, mass, stiffness, and strength/amount of airflow
88
Vocal fold vibration does not necessarily occur as a neurological event and is largely ______
passive
89
To increase vocal intensity of phonation, the speaker must increase the ________ ________ through the muscles of _______
medial compression, medial compression
90
The larynx descends in your throat until you are about ___
20
91
The larynx continues to _____ throughout your life
grow
92
Fundamental frequency _______ across infancy and childhood in both boys and girls
decreases
93
Fundamental frequency is related to vocal fold mass which is related to overall size (mostly height) and angle of the _____ cartilage (shaper angle in males)
thyroid cartilage
94
As we age, a breathy/raspy/creaky voice can come from a lack of _______ _______ which allows more air through
medial compression
95
5 examples of pathologies to your vocal folds
polyps, nodules, cysts, growths, and tumors
96
If one vocal fold was paralyzed but the other did not, the voice would be very ______
breathy
97
1 treatment for vocal fold paralysis/weakness
injecting collagen into the paralyzed vocal fold so that it will swell to midline
98
Makes someone’s voice sound incredibly shaky and hoarse. Voice sounds like it is dropping out while they are speaking
Spasmodic Dysphonia
99
treatment for spasmodic dysphonia
injecting botox into the muscles of the vocal cords causing the spasms to weaken.
100
most superior structure of the larynx
hyoid bone
101
when the thyroarytenoid muscle contracts and the arytenoids rock forward just enough to have adduction in the middle but the bottom is open to allow some vibration
medial compression
102
which muscle is on the back of the larynx and is an x shape
oblique arytenoid
103
when there is some kind of change and the body is freaking out a little bit and forces you to take a breath
drive to breathe
