last few notes Flashcards
(35 cards)
Describe Greenwald’s implicit association test
Trying to show that reaction time responding to names and pictures reflects processing time and unconscious bias’. It is based on the idea that what is familiar to you will be easier and quicker compared to things that are unfamiliar. In his study he measures the strength of gender bias to names and faces
What are implicit attitudes?
Manifest as actions or judgements that are under the control of automatically activated evaluation, without the performers awareness of that causation
What are possible properties of the IAT?
- you are going to know what to avoid saying if you are given a questionnaire, but if it is fast paced like the IAT you won’t have time to mask your bias
- we actually want to be good people we do not just want to appear as a good person
- there may be some bias in all of us due to how society trains us
what is an important criticism of multiculturalism suggested by Berry?
he introduced John porter, who argued that maintaining interest in ethnicity merely perpetuates ethnic stratification in Canadian society: multiculturalism may serve only to keep particular groups in their place in the vertical mosaic. it may also provide a basis for discrimination
describe the multiculturalism act passed in 1988
- pluralistic ideology and state intervention supports cultural diversity, practices, and languages
- majority group favours multiculturalism
- country of immigrants; diversity part of identity
who was close friends with Steve Biko?
- Donald Woods
why was Black consciousness introduced?
it was introduced during apartheid, people were being oppressed, silenced and banished for speaking up against the injustice. the minority needed a response to this oppression that
1. worked within the system or was under the radar
and
2. altered the psychology of the oppressed group
this response was back consciousness
what was Soweto?
a protest including hundreds of school age children inwhich the police forces opened fire and killed and injured hundreds of black school aged children
what is black consciousness?
Steve Biko believed that the most powerful weapon in the hands of the oppressor was the mind of the oppressed. if the mind of the oppressed is so manipulated and controlled by the oppressor, then there is nothing the oppressed can to scare their powerful masters. a way of altering ones psychological state on oppression to fight for justice and be free of oppression.
what is the origin of Aronson’s Jigsaw groups experiment?
during the brown vs. the board of education trial, which was fighting for desegregation in classrooms, psychologists suggested that desegregation would…
1. reduce prejudice
2. increase minority self esteem
3. improve academic performance of the minority groups
this did not happen
according to Allport, what went wrong with the psychologists prediction of desegregated classrooms?
to reduce prejudice and see improvement it must..
- be sanctioned by authority; this is necessary but was not sufficient in the classrooms as some local authorities defied the law
- equal status contact; the definition of equal was blurry, prejudiced teachers in classrooms would make learning less equal
- in pursuit of common goals; the very nature of the class rooms with quizzes, exams and raising your hand to answer questions made the classroom competitive. we see this dysfunctional competition in the robber’s cave experiment
what was Aronson’s hypothesis for the jigsaw experiment?
he hypothesized that interdependent learning would establish conditions necessary for the increase in self esteem and performance and the decrease in prejudice that was expected to occur as a function of desegregation
what was the method of the Jigsaw experiment
students were placed in 6-person learning groups. each memeber of the group was given a vital piece of the lesson plan which they had to teach to the other members of the group to make up the whole picture. this jigsaw technique diminishes the competitive habit in the classroom
what were the results of the Jigsaw experiment in california?
in watsonville, cali
there was an increase in liking classmates
a increase in liking for school
a decrease in negative ethnic stereotypes
an increase in positive attitudes towards their own ethnic groups
what were the results of the jigsaw experiment in texas?
- increase liking of classmates across ethnic lines
- increase in self esteem
- increase liking for school
what were the attributions for success and failure in the jigsaw experiment?
- succeed = dispositional attribution
- failure = situational attribution
what else was found as a result of the jigsaw method?
- increase in participation and an increase in empathetic role play
what was the first hypothesis in the grant multiculturalism experiment
the more that immigrants identify with their cultural group, the more they will hold positive attitudes toward multiculturalism by perceiving that multiculturalism is beneficial
this hypothesis was supported
what was the second hypothesis in the Grant multiculturalism experiment
- 2a = the more that immigrants perceive that immigrants in general are discriminated against in the host society the more they will hold positive attitudes towards multiculturalism by perceiving it as beneficial
- 2b = the more that immigrants perceive that their particular cultural group identity is under threat in their host society, the more they will hold positive attitudes towards multiculturalism
these hypotheses were not supported, found they would hold weak negative attitudes towards multiculturalism
what is the third hypothesis from Grant’s multiculturalism experiment?
the more that immigrants have strong interdependent self-construal, the more they will hold positive attitudes toward multiculturalism by perceiving that multiculturalism is beneficial
this hypothesis was supported
what is the fourth hypothesis in Grant’s multiculturalism experiment?
- 4a = the more immigrants adapt to living in canada the more they will hold positive attitudes toward multiculturalism by perceiving that multiculturalism is beneficial
- 4b = the more strongly immigrants identify with Canada, the more they will hold positive attitudes toward multiculturalism by percieving that multiculturalism is beneficial
these hypotheses were suppported
what was the method from Grant’s multiculturalism experiment?
- 403 immigrants mainly from asia and africa completed 2 booklets of questionnaires
the questionnaire booklets consisted of: - AMC scale
- identity scales
- behavioural acculturation scales
- interdependence self-constructural sub-scales
-perceived discrimination scale - cultural identity threat measures
what is the AMC?
- amc stands for attitudes towards multiculturalism
10 item measure in which participants agree of disagree with a statement typically reflecting a positive attitude towards multiculturalism
what are identity scales?
- 2, 6 item identity measures used to measure the strength of the respondents cultural and canadian identity using a 7-point response format
