Test 2 Flashcards

Question

what was the prediction for experiment one in Ross' paper?

Answer 1

the prediction was that the percievers of the quiz game - the participants and observers as well - would form relatively positive impressions of the questioner's general knowledge and the relatively negative impressions on the contestants knowledge. this follows from the expectation that perceivers would underestimate the biasing effects of the questioners and contestants roles upon their ability to display general knowledge. it was further anticipated that impressions would be bias to a certain extent to that the relevant perceivers were forced to rely upon biased samples of "evidence"

Answer 2

correctly answered a mean of 4/10. males = mean of 5.2, females = mean of 2.9 females are more fully excised in their role to ask more difficult questions while revealing deficiencies in the contestants knowledge. one might predict that females would provide a stronger confirmation of the experimental hypothesis than male pairs. females rated themselves less positively than their partners, males rated themselves slightly less positively but not as much as female. after the quiz females continued to rate themselves worse than their questioners. males smaller difference disappeared completely.

Answer 3

it was predicted that observers, like actors themselves, would make inadequate allowance for role-conferred advantages and disadvantages in personal presentation and, in so doing, would judge the contestants to be inferior in general knowledge to the questioners.

Answer 4

2 female confederates were recruited to simulate the 12 sessions from experiment 1 involving the female pairs in the experimental group. unfolded much like experiment one, the confederate playig the role of the questioner pretended to compose 10 items for the quiz session, while the contestant pretended to prepare a set of easy questions. the questioning process was the same as experiment one.

Answer 5

observers impressions of the participants in the quiz game showed the same bias that was evident in the participants own perceptions. the questioner was seen as tremendously knowledgable. no sex differences among observers. in a sense observers necessarily shared the perspective of the contestants. like the contestants the observers almost certainly found that they were unable to answer difficult questions posed by the questioners. what the observers, like the contestants, failed to recognize was that the questioners did not possess any superiority in general knowledge, they merely exploited the opportunity to choose particular topics that favourably displayed their knowledge

Answer 6

it was to capture the essential feature of real-world encounters: one participants defines the domain and controls the style of the interaction and the other must respond within those limits

Answer 7

- an individual faced with the passive reactions of other people will be influenced by them, and will thus be less likely to take action than if he were alone. - if we exposed groups of naive subjects to an emergency, the constraints on behaviour in public coupled with the social influence process will lessen the likelihood that the members of the group will act to cope with the emergency

Answer 8

3 conditions (alone, 2 person group w/ 2 confederates, 3 person group all naive) - fill out questionnaire - smoke in room - measured time to report - observed through one way window - post experimental interview

Answer 9

- alone: indecision -> investigate -> report (median = 2 min, 75% report the smoke within 6 min) - group w/ confederates: 10% reported - group all naive: 38% reported ( 1/24 reported in 4 min, 3 reported in 6 min calculated "hypothetical three person group. assumption that group members have no influence on each other

Answer 10

marital interaction assessment - sit together quietly for 2 minutes - 15 min discussion of a persistent problem/source of disagreement, that the wife and husband had chosen - view video separately; rated own and others affect, plus physiological measures and video - for analysis, split screen to see both at once, plus physiological data - code using spaff (specific affect coding system

Answer 11

- phase 1 = first time marries within 6 months, no children, marital adjustment test (satisfaction), questionnaires sent to husband and wife - phase 2: 124 couples, lab visit and followed for 4-6 years, 17 divorces

Answer 12

2 indepednent observers coded video using SPAFF - 5 positive codes (interest, validation, affection, humour, joy) - 10 negative codes (disgust, contempt, belligernece, anger, fear/tension, defensiveness, whining, sadness, stone walling, domineering - for each 3 min, total sum of + and - codes for husband and wife - system draws on facial expressions, vocal tones and speech content

Answer 13

- the startup of the conflict discussion is critical in predicting divorce and marriage stability, less negative affect a good sign when shown at the beginning of a conflict. husbands all become more negative over the course of an argument but husbands who would get divorced become more negative quickly - soft start up good for relationships, harsh start ups would occur due to negative affect or little response from husband, soft start up can be predicted by an affectionate, interested husband

Test 2 Flashcards

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