Last last final prep Flashcards
(14 cards)
Collagen
Trimer of proteins that provides tensile strength
Fibronectin
3 domain glycoprotein that connects cells to each other and helps cells move
Laminin
3 armed (1 long, 2 short0 molecular cross that helps build tissues, lets cells bind to each other while development takes place
Elastin
Cross linked topoelastin monomers that lets tissues stretch and return to original size
Integrin
alpha beta heterodimers that activate signal transduction pathway
Glycoprotein
Oligosaccharides bound to AA side chains that do cell cell interactions, surface interactions
Phospholipid
Phosphoglycerol head, 2 fatty acid tails. Cell membrane structure/flexibility,energy storage
Protein
amino acids, enzymes/hormones
Cholesterol
4 HC rings, keeps membranes fluid, affects permeability
Ox phos- how many protons per ATP?
4
RAS-MAP cascade
- inactive G protein interacts with a guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor (GDI), GDP isn’t released. Protein stays off.
1.Inactive G protein interacts with a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF; step 1b), the G protein switches GDP for a GTP (step 2), - G protein activated, binds to a downstream target protein (step 3).
- Binding to the GTP-bound G protein activates the target protein, which is typically an enzyme such as a protein kinase or a protein phosphatase. This has the effect of transmitting the signal farther downstream along the signaling pathway. G proteins have weak intrinsic GTPase activity that is stimulated by interaction with a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) (step 4).
- The degree of GTPase stimulation by a GAP determines the length of time that the G protein is active. Consequently, the GAP serves as a type of clock that regulates the duration of the response (step 5).
- GTP hydrolyzed, complex off, repeat
Crostalk
Communication between different cell components
Convergence
Unrelated receptors act on same effector
Divergence
Signals from same ligand affect different pathways
