Unit one week 2

Question 1

Define electronegative

Answer 1

Ability of an atom to attract an electron to itself

Question 2

Define cations;

Answer 2

Positively charged ion

Question 3

Define anions;

Answer 3

Negatively charged ion

Question 4

Define metabolites;

Answer 4

An intermediate or end product of a biological process

Question 5

Define nucleosides;

Answer 5

Base+deoxy/ribose

Question 6

Define saccharides;

Answer 6

building unit of carbohydrate

Question 7

Define glycosidic;

Answer 7

An ether bond that links sugars together

Question 8

• Explain the different properties of
  1. Covalent – non-polar vs. polar bonds

Answer 8

Nonpolar- share equally
Polar- don’t share equally

Question 9

• Explain the differences between acids and bases and how this relates to pH scale

Answer 9

Acid- H+ donor
Base- H+ recipient
Base- ph >7
Acid- pH <7

Question 9

• List the properties of water and how they contribute to maintaining life as we know it (PPT slides
  may be especially helpful for this)

Answer 9

Excellent solvent
* Fluid matrix for
macromolecules of the
cellular structures
* Reactant in metabolism,
other reactions
* Protection from heat, cold
* Interaction/lack of
interaction with water
guides macromolecular
structural formatio

Question 9

DNA/RNA monomers/construction

Answer 9

Nucleotides, antiparallel sugar phosphate backbone (phosphodiester bonds, 5 carbon bound to 3)

Question 9

• Biotech – Explain the basics of:
• PCR

Answer 9

Repeatedly heating and cooling DNA to make copies via denaturing (splitting), annealing (binding of primer) and elongating (adding nucleotides)

Question 10

• Biotech – Explain the basics of:
• DNA sequencing

Answer 10

1. DNA template is repaired
2. PCR is done
3. Gel electrophoresis
4. Fluorescent nucleotides are sequenced individually

Question 10

Carbohydrate monomers/construction

Answer 10

Monosaccharide, glycosidic bonds,

Question 10

• Biotech – Explain the basics of:
• Restriction digests

Answer 10

DNA is fragmented and sorted by size because of positive charges at end of gel

Question 11

Protein monomers/how they’re constructed

Answer 11

Amino acids- linked together by peptide bonds

Question 12

Lipid monomers/how they’re constructed

Answer 12

Fatty acids on a glycerol

Question 13

Lipid packaging means

Answer 13

Adipocytes

Question 14

DNA packing means

Answer 14

DNA wraps around histones to form nucleosomes, which form chromatin loops which make up chromosomes

Question 15

• Explain the different properties of
  2. Ionic

Answer 15

One atom takes all electrons

Question 16

• Explain the different properties of
  3. Hydrogen

Answer 16

H bound to N, O, or F

Question 17

• Explain the different properties of
  4. Van der Waals

Answer 17

weak intermolecular forces that arise from the interactions between neutral molecules or atoms

Question 18

Carbohydrate packing means

Answer 18

Starch, glycogen