Unit one chapter one

Question 1

Explain what HeLa cells are and why they are significant

Answer 1

First human cell line, basically immortal

Question 2

• List the major macromolecules and their significance

Answer 2

Carb- Energy and structure
Lipid- Controlling cell contact, nerve impulses, energy storage, cell membrane
Protein- Catalysts in reactions
DNA/RNA- Genetic info

Question 3

• Explain how prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotes (Table 1.1 has a good summary)

Answer 3

Eukaryotic- Division of cells into nucleus and cytoplasm, separated by a nuclear envelope containing complex pore structures
Complex chromosomes composed of DNA and associated proteins that are capable of compacting into mitotic structures, mitochondria, chloroplasts, Complex cytoskeletal system (including actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules) and associated motor proteins
Complex flagella and cilia, cellulose cell wall

Question 4

Mitochondria

Answer 4

Does krebs cycle and ox phos, producing atp from glucose and oxygen and co2 as a byproduct

Question 5

• Compare and contrast common model organisms

Answer 5

E. coli- bacteria, prokaryote
Saccharomyces cerevisiae-a budding yeast,
Arabidopsis thaliana-flowering plant
Caenorhabditis elegans-nematode
Drosophila melanogaster-fruit fly, genetics, development, behavior
Mus musculus-mouse

Question 6

Lysosomes:

Answer 6

digest unwanted materials within the cell.

Question 7

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 7

synthesizes selected molecules and then processes, sorts, and directs them to their proper locations.*****

Question 8

Golgi apparatus:

Answer 8

Synthesizes molecules, then processes, sorts, and directs them where they need to go*****

Question 9

Nucleus:

Answer 9

stores genetic material and coordinates cellular activities.

Question 10

Nucleolus

Answer 10

Produces ribosomes

Question 11

Chloroplasts:

Answer 11

Converts light energy and water to glucose and oxygen