Unit one week on1

Question 1

Bright field microscopy

Answer 1

Must be transparent, light used to visualize. Usually uses lethal dyes to stain cells

Question 2

• List the three primary tenets of Cell Theory and the sometimes added fourth tenet.

Answer 2

1.All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
2.The cell is the structural unit of life.
3.Cells can arise only by division from a preexisting cell.
4.Cells contain genetic information in the form of DNA, and that information is passed from parent to daughter cell.

Question 3

Allosteric regulation-

Answer 3

a substance that binds to a site on an enzyme or receptor distinct from the active site, resulting in a conformational change that alters the protein’s activity

Question 4

• Explain why cells must separate catabolic and anabolic pathways to maintain efficiency and
  regulation.

Answer 4

The pathways are interconnected- the reactions are destroying each other

Question 5

• Describe the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.

Answer 5

DNA is transcribed into pre mRNA, processed into mRNA, transported into the cytoplasm, translated into polypeptides by ribosomes, then folds

Question 6

• Analyze the impact of mutations on gene expression and protein function.

Answer 6

Could be harmless (silent), or cause problems like altering protein’s structure and therefore function. Gene regulation can be up or down reculated

Question 7

• Explain the role of cholesterol in modulating membrane fluidity.

Answer 7

Abolishes sharp phase transition temperatures, making membrane more durable and less permeable

Question 8

structure and function of carbohydrates,

Answer 8

(CH2O)n, can have ketones/aldehydes. Linked with O. Energy storage, internal structure

Question 9

structure and function of nucleic acids.

Answer 9

deoxy/Ribose/phosphate backbone bound to nucleotide, stores genetic info

Question 10

structure and function of lipids

Answer 10

Triacylglycerol- Glycerol moiety linked to 3 fatty acid tails

Question 11

Phase contrast microscopy

Answer 11

Doesn’t use staining to visualize, light intensity dependent on refractive index, used on living cells

Question 12

Differential interference contrast (DIC)
optics allow a

Answer 12

three-dimensional quality to
the image.

Question 13

Fluorescence
Microscopy

Answer 13

Objects stained with fluorescent dyes to distinguish different things

Question 14

Electron
Microscopy

Answer 14

Uses electron beam to visualize subcellular structures/cell surface. Great resolution, expensive/time consuming

Question 15

Covalent modification

Answer 15

Modifications that form covalent bonds, turning proteins on or off

Question 16

feedback inhibition

Answer 16

An enzyme’s activity is inhibited by the enzyme’s end product (or lack of it)