Last Lecture

Question 1

TF? A child’s development may be influenced by the mother’s nutrition prior to pregnancy.

Answer 1

T

Question 2

Preterm:

Answer 2

before 37 wks

Question 3

Critical Period:

Answer 3

period when cells for a specific organ/ tissue develops, nutrient deficiencies or excesses, tobacco, drugs, and alcohol can affect

Question 4

If the mother is malnourished during critical period:

Answer 4

small placenta, smaller contact area with fetus, reduced nutrient delivery and waste removal

Question 5

average contact area between the mother and fetus:

Answer 5

13 square meters (140 square feet)

Question 6

TF? Protein is used less efficiently during pregnancy.

Answer 6

F. more efficiently

Question 7

Enhanced absorption of these during pregnancy:

Answer 7

Calcium, iron

Question 8

Reduced excretion of these during pregnancy:

Answer 8

Zinc, riboflavin

Question 9

TF? Extra calories required during pregnancy are for the fetus and not the mother.

Answer 9

F. needed for both

Question 10

When during pregnancy are there minimal changes in caloric needs?

Answer 10

First trimester

Question 11

Extra calories per day needed during second trimester and third:

Answer 11

350, 450

Question 12

What do we need to go from being an infant to an 18 year old?

Answer 12

14 million calories, 14 lbs ca, 430 lbs protein

Question 13

% protein to consume over RDA during pregnancy.

Answer 13

50%

Question 14

TF? Protein deficiency is common in the U.S.

Answer 14

F.

Question 15

Essential fatty acids (EFA) are needed for this during pregnancy:

Answer 15

brain and eye development

Question 16

Zinc deficiency during pregnancy may lead to:

Answer 16

birth defects, slowed growth, premature birth

Question 17

Why are folate and B12 needed during pregnancy?

Answer 17

synthesis of DNA and blood cells, folate deficiency: neural tube defects

Question 18

Iron is needed during pregnancy for:

Answer 18

moms RBC development (20-30% increase), fetal iron stores

Question 19

Fetal bone and tooth development require (5):

Answer 19

vitamin D, ca, p, mg and f.

Question 20

Mothers should eat foods rich in these to aid in fetal bone and tooth development:

Answer 20

vitamin D and calcium

Question 21

Maternal Weight Gain, Underweight

Answer 21

under 18.5, 28 to 40

Question 22

Maternal Weight Gain, Normal weight __ BMI and total weight gain (lbs):

Answer 22

18.5 to 24.9, 25 to 35

Question 23

Maternal Weight Gain, overweight __ BMI and total weight gain (lbs):

Answer 23

25 to 29.9, 15 to 25

Question 24

Maternal Weight Gain, overweight __ (typo? obese?) BMI and total weight gain (lbs):

Answer 24

Overweight ≤30, 11 to 20

Question 25

Maternal weight gain first trimester:

Answer 25

1.1 to 4.4 lb. total

Question 26

Maternal weight gain in second and third:

Answer 26

about 1.0 lb./week

Question 27

Women may need an additional __ per day of water during lactation.

Answer 27

liter

Question 28

Lactating women use ___ extra calories per day

Answer 28

800

Question 29

Pregnant women need about ___ - ___ extra calories per day with the remaining ___-___ extra calories supplied by stored fat.

Answer 29

400 to 500, 300 to 400

Question 30

birth weight should double in:

Answer 30

4 to 6 months

Question 31

birth weight should triple by:

Answer 31

1 year

Question 32

Infants and toddlers need ___ to ___ times the energy due to a larger surface area per lb.

Answer 32

2 to 4

Question 33

Protein requirement for infants is ___ that of adults.

Answer 33

double

Question 34

Fat ___ % of an infants caloric intake, at least __ grams of EFA

Answer 34

50, 5

Question 35

Fat should be reduced to about __to___ % of calories by age 2.

Answer 35

30-35

Question 36

Main carb in infant diets with starch intake:

Answer 36

lactose

Question 37

Levels of this increase as cereals are added to a child's diet:

Answer 37

lactose

Question 38

TF? Infants are born with iron stores adequate for the first 12 months.

Answer 38

F. 6 mo

Question 39

At what age do calcium needs increase?

Answer 39

9 yo

Question 40

Most bone mass forms between these ages:

Answer 40

9 and 18

Question 41

Low calcium, risk of:

Answer 41

osteoporosis

Question 42

Vitamin D, needed for:

Answer 42

bones

Question 43

TF? Newborns have high Vitamin K stores at birth

Answer 43

F. low, no bacteria to produce

Question 44

What type of injections do we give infants?

Answer 44

vitamin K

Question 45

What produces Vit K in the intestines a few months after birth?

Answer 45

bacteria

Question 46

Human milk has more of these and less of these than cow's milk:

Answer 46

More: fat and lactose, less: protein, ca, p

Question 47

Protein content of human vs. cow milk:

Answer 47

11 vs. 31g, 20 more g in cows

Question 48

Fat content of human vs. cow milk:

Answer 48

45 vs. 38g, 7g more in humans

Question 49

Lactose content of human vs. cow milk:

Answer 49

71 vs. 47g, about 2 X the lactose in humans

Question 50

Calcium content of human vs. cow milk:

Answer 50

350 vs. 1400 mg, 4 X as much in cos

Question 51

Phosphorus content of human vs. cow milk:

Answer 51

140 vs. 900 mg, 6-7 X as much cows

Question 52

It is best to nurse for __ months

Answer 52

6

Question 53

How long should you nurse and provide infant foods?

Answer 53

first year

Question 54

Human milk contains:

Answer 54

antibodies, lactoferrin, omega-3 fatty acids

Question 55

Cow’s milk should not be fed to children before the age of ___ and then whole milk until at least age __.

Answer 55

1, 2

Question 56

Infants need __ to __ oz. of formula every 2 to 4 hours.

Answer 56

2 to 3

Question 57

Infants stomach holds about __ oz. of fluid.

Answer 57

3 oz.

Question 58

When should solid foods should be added to infant diet?

Answer 58

6 months, 1 ingredient at a time, iron-fortified cereal, then fruits and vegetables

Question 59

What is the least allergenic food?

Answer 59

Rice

Question 60

What is the most allergenic food?

Answer 60

Wheat

Question 61

How long should orange juice be avoided for in infant diet?

Answer 61

~1 year, due to acidity

Question 62

Primary nutritional diseases:

Answer 62

inadequate diet, treat w adequate diet, e.g., beriberi, scurvy

Question 63

Secondary nutritional diseases:

Answer 63

diet contributes, excess saturated fat related to atherosclerosis

Question 64

What type of disease is anorexia?

Answer 64

nervous disease

Question 65

Signs of anorexia:

Answer 65

extreme weight loss, poor, distorted body image, severe fear of obesity and weight gain

Question 66

TF? Anorexia is self imposed.

Answer 66

T

Question 67

Anorexia damages both __ and __ health.

Answer 67

physical and psychological

Question 68

Anorexia affects about __ % of young women.

Answer 68

1

Question 69

Anorexia is classified as weight __ % below normal with intense fear of gaining weight.

Answer 69

15

Question 70

Anorexia can lead to:

Answer 70

hypoglycemia, osteroporosis, bone fractures, cardiac arrest, death

Question 71

This is also called "ox-hunger:"

Answer 71

Bullimia, think hungry as an ox

Question 72

Bullimia is binge eating of ___ to ___ cal in a short time

Answer 72

1,000–55,000

Question 73

Avg. period of time of bullimia (times per per week for this duration):

Answer 73

≥2 times per week for 3 months

Question 74

What terminates the binge in bullimia?

Answer 74

sleep, stomach ache, and/or vomiting

Question 75

Bullimia is purging by:

Answer 75

vomiting, manual gagging, or an emetic

Question 76

People with bullimia try to loose weight by:

Answer 76

use of diuretics, laxatives, fasting, excessive exercise

Question 77

TF? People with bullimia are most often underweight.

Answer 77

F. often maintain a normal weight

Question 78

Tx for bullimia:

Answer 78

self help, nutritional counseling, antidepressants, therapy

Question 79

Role of food prior to tooth eruption:

Answer 79

nutritional or systemic role, tooth development, maturation of stucture

Question 80

Role of food after to tooth eruption:

Answer 80

topical or dietary role, maintenance of structure

Question 81

We can modify the caries process by ___ rather than ______ changes.

Answer 81

dietary, nutritional

Question 82

Dietary modification to alter the caries process:

Answer 82

change food and eating habits

Question 83

What do we need to evaluate in dental dietary counseling?

Answer 83

frequency of between meal snacks, form and retentiveness of sugar snacks, sugar added to snacks and beverages

Question 84

Cariogenic potential is related to:

Answer 84

time of contact of cariogenic plaque and fermentable carbohydrates

Question 85

This study determined that frequency of snacking and length of time food is retained is more important than total amount of sugar being eaten:

Answer 85

Vipeholm study

Question 86

TF? The sequence of eating can influence caries development.

Answer 86

T

Question 87

TF? Eating some non- or minimally cariogenic foods (peanuts, cheese, meats, eggs, etc.) after sugar containing foods can reduce the cariogenic potential.

Answer 87

T

Question 88

Dietary Rx to Reduce Dental Caries:

Answer 88

eat a nutritious, balanced, varied diet, reduce high-sugar content snacks, eat high sugar content foods at meals, eat non-cariogenic foods as between meals snacks

Question 89

This may show patients their dietary deficiencies and excesses that play a role in caries development:

Answer 89

food diary

Question 90

Why are follow-up visits necessary after diet counseling?

Answer 90

to modify likes and dislikes and patient compliance

Question 91

What does the doctor provide in diet counseling?

Answer 91

direction and insight in food selections based on patient preferences

Question 92

Types of services that should be provided with diet counseling:

Answer 92

both preventive and supportive services

Question 93

the patient circles these foods after recording their diet for analysis:

Answer 93

foods they feel are sweetened or have added sugars including honey, raisins, figs, etc. and note the frequency of intake (stopped at slide 19)