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Nutrition in the Practice of Dentistry > Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Quiz 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What does a Vitamin A deficiency cause?

A

night blindness OR xerophthalmia - dry eyes, (can cause of blindness)

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2
Q

How was Vitamin A deficiency cured over 2000 years ago?

A

liver or butterfat

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3
Q

Vit A exists as one of thee 3 forms:

A

an alcohol (retinol), an aldehyde (retinal), or an acid form (retinoic acid)

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4
Q

Vitamin A is found in:

A

some animal Fats and Fish oils

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5
Q

TF Vitamin A is found in vegetable oils.

A

F

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6
Q

Can Vitmain A be stored in the body?

A

yes

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7
Q

Where can Vitamin A be stored in the body?

A

liver

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8
Q

What is the precursor of vitamin A?

A

beta-carotene, a provitamin

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9
Q

Where is beta-carotene found?

A

plants, orange-yellow and dark green fruits and vegetables

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10
Q

TF Vit A is an antioxidant.

A

F.

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11
Q

TF Beta-carotene is an antioxidant.

A

T. Vit A is not

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12
Q

What is another name of a precusor of Vit A?

A

a provitamin

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13
Q

Major functions of Vit A:

A

formation of visual purple, epithelial differentiation (especially mucous secreting structures), bone remodeling, growth, reproduction, activation of cell membrane systems

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14
Q

This is related to Vit A and in visulal purple:

A

rhodopsin

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15
Q

rhodopsin contains:

A

retinal, which is removed with light

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16
Q

How is rhodopsin regenerated?

A

with retinol in the bloodstream

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17
Q

How does Vit A affect night blindness?

A

regeneration time is increased

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18
Q

Pathway of light:

A

light, eye, retinal cells (rods and cones), rhodopsin, opsin, retinal, signal to brain

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19
Q

Examples of retinal cells:

A

rods and cones

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20
Q

Light causes a change in:

A

rhodopsin to opsin and (trans) retinal, which is then released to signal the brain

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21
Q

What happens after retinal is converted back into its original, cis form?

A

rhodopsin is rebuilt

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22
Q

What vItamin is invovled in differentiation and proliferation of epithelial surfaces?

A

VIt A

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23
Q

What will happen if mucous secreting cells deteriorate?

A

insufficient eye lubrication, surface will keratinize leading to xerophthalmia

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24
Q

How is Vit A supplied to ppl in underdeveloped countries?

A

high dose supplements (60,000 RE) twice yearly to children, sugar may be added

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25
What deficiency can cause follicular hyperkeratosis?
VIt A
26
RDA for Vit A?
900(male) to 700 (female) retinoal equivalents (RE)
27
1RE=
1 ug vitamin A or 6 ug of beta-carotene
28
1 ug vitamin A =
6 ug of beta-carotene
29
1 International Unit =
0.3 micrograms retinol
30
What foods contain preformed vitamin A?
liver, cream, butter, egg yolk
31
TF Vit A is very stable to cooking.
T
32
Food items with high Vit A content:
carrots, squash, sweet potatoes, peaches, apricots, cantoloupes, mangoes, papaya, broccolo, and spinach,
33
What it the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of Vit A for adults?
3000 ug/d | about 3 to 4 times the RDA
34
TF fat soluble vitamins cannot be stored in the body
F
35
high doses of vitamin A can lead to:
weight loss, stunted growth, hair loss, nausea, bone tenderness, enlarged spleen and liver
36
Vit A deficiency symptoms:
night blindness, keratinization of epi tissues, xerophthalmia, infections
37
Normal funcitons of Vit A:
vision, cell differentiation, immunity
38
teratogenic:
relating to or causing developmental malformations
39
VIt A deficiency during pregnacy can lead to:
fetal malformations, spontaneous abortions
40
Acute Vit A deficiency:
upset stomach, nausea, headaches, dizziness, muscle uncoordinations
41
Chronic Vit A deficiency:
liver damage, hair loss, bone/muscle pain, loss of appetite, dry skin and mucous membrane, hemorrhages, coma, death
42
What caused early Arctic explorers to die after eating polar bear liver?
Vit A toxicity, about 500,000 IU per oz
43
What is hypercarotenemia?
developing orange skin, from excess carrot intake
44
Name 2 Vit A derivatives:
13-cis retinoic acid (Isotretinoin) “Accutane AND trans-retinoic acid - “Retin A
45
13-cis retinoic acid (Isotretinoin) is aka:
accutane
46
trans-retinoic acid is aka:
Retin A, generic - Tretinoin - topical use
47
Accutane is cleared from the body in __ days
10
48
This drug can have serious side effects like birth defects:
accutane, oral medication
49
Retin A is used to treat:
acne, reduce wrinkles and sun damage
50
Vitamin D Deficiency can lead to:
Rickets
51
How was rickets treated in the past?
fish liver oils
52
Active ingredient of fish liver oils:
Vit D, look bow-legged
53
How do we obtain Vitamin D?
diet or 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin following exposure to sunlight
54
vitamin D2 is ___ and derived from ___
ERGOcalciferol, plants
55
vitamin D3 ___ and produced _here_
CHOLEcalciferol, in animal tissues
56
Pathway of vitamin D:
hydroxylated in liver, then to kidney to form 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol, the most biologically active form)
57
How is Vit D transported to the liver?
bound to carrier protein in bloodstream
58
Once vit D is transported to the liver, what happens?
it is metabolized to 25-OH Vit D
59
What happens to 25-OH Vit D in the kidney?
metabolized to 1,25 (OH)2D
60
What is the active Vit D hormone?
1,25 (OH)2 D
61
A form of cholesterol is converted to this when exposed to sunlight:
cholecalciferol
62
Fxns of Vit D
regulates calcium and bone metabolism, intestinal absorption of ca and p, works with parathyroid gland to maintain ca and p levels in serum
63
deficiency of vitamin D leads to poor calcification of:
cartilage during bone development
64
poor mineralization of the osteoid in Vit D deficiency results in:
skeletal deformities
65
This can occur due to inadequate calcification following bone remodeling:
osteomalacia
66
vitamin D deficiency during tooth development can lead to:
enamel and dentinal hypoplasia
67
RDA for Vit D for infants to age 50:
5 ug of cholecalciferol
68
RDA for Vit D for adults over 50 years old:
10 ug (400 IU)
69
RDA for Vit D for adults over 70 years old:
15 ug (600 IU)
70
TF Many foods have large amounts of vitamin D.
F. few
71
main source of Vit D:
fortified milk, fish liver oils, and exposure to the sun (15 min per day)
72
TF vitamin D is toxic at high doses.
T
73
Upper Level of Vit D is
``` 50 ug (2000 IU) per day (5-10 X RDA), higher levels may be safe for adults ```
74
What can overabsorption of calcium lead to?
Ca deposition (kidneys and other organs), metabolic disturbances and cell death
75
Vit E was originally isolated from
wheat germ oil
76
What Vit E derivative has the greatest activity?
a-tocopherol
77
What does Vit E need for efficient absorption?
fat
78
TF Vit E is an antioxidant.
T, limits free-radical reactions
79
Vit E resides in:
cell membranes to help protect them from oxidation
80
Fxns of Vit E:
helps to prevent fats from becoming rancid, increases the stability of cell membranes, protects polyunsaturated fatty acids and other oxygen sensitive compounds, protects Vit A
81
Where in the cell are damaged free radicals?
LBilayer
82
TF Vit E deficiency is common in humans.
F. rare
83
What is the usual cause of Vit E dficiency?
a congenital or malabsorption disease
84
Vit E deficiency generally presents with:
a slight decrease in red cell stability
85
What can lead to Vit E deficiency?
Malfunction in absorption
86
TF There will be more celllular damage to the membranes of RBCs without Vit E.
T
87
RDA for Vit E:
15 mg a-TE for men & women (1 mg = 1.5 IU)
88
Tolerable Upper Intake Level for Vit E:
1000 mg/d (1500 IU)
89
Foods VIt E is found in:
veg/ plant oils (1/2 u.s. intake)
90
TF? Animal fats have a lare amt of Vit E
F. almost non
91
Levels of needed Vit E are proportional to:
intake of polnsaturated fats

Nutrition in the Practice of Dentistry (5 decks)

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