Late adulthood Flashcards

(37 cards)

1
Q

What % of oldest-old are impaired enough to require assisted living?

A

15%

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2
Q

What is a researcher that studies ageing called?

A

gerontologist

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3
Q

What is the age that indicates the actual competence and performance of older adults; may be higher or lower than chronological age

A

functional age

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4
Q

in a population, the ratio of people aged 65
and over to people aged 20–64 is called?

A

old-age dependency ratio

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5
Q

The inevitable biological ageing that takes place in all living organisms is called?

A

primary ageing

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6
Q

The decline in physical functioning that takes place due to lifestyle behaviours such as unhealthy diet, insufficient exercise and
substance abuse, as well as environmental
influences such as pollution is called?

A

Secondary ageing

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7
Q

in Australia, in the 1970s,
more than ??% of those aged 65 years and older had lost all of their
natural teeth, but by the late 1990s, this had reduced to
approximately ??%

A

80%
34%

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8
Q

What is the most common visual impairment in late adulthood?

A

Cataracts - affecting 40% of ppl in 70’s
and 60% in 80’s

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9
Q

What is the progressive thickening of the lens of the eye that causes vision to become cloudy, opaque and distorted

A

cataracts

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10
Q

What is the loss of clarity in the centre of the visual field due to ageing of the visual system

A

macular degeneration

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11
Q

What is the loss of peripheral vision due to build-up of fluid that damages the optic nerve

A

glaucoma

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12
Q

??% of people aged 75 or over have disabling hearing loss

A

50%

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13
Q

What is the reason for hearing impairment
Primary or Secondary

A

Primary ageing
But smoking can increase the risk

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14
Q

What is the sleep-related respiratory disorder in which breathing stops for 10 seconds or more numerous times in the course of a typical night as the air passage to the lungs closes, resulting in a sudden loud snore as the airway opens again and the sleeper awakens

A

sleep apnoea

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15
Q

What is the disease of the joints that especially affects the hips, knees, neck, hands and lower back

A

arthritis

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16
Q

Proportion of smokers has decreased from 50% - ??%

17
Q

The term for a model reflecting a new and more positive perspective on late adulthood that involves three components: (1) maintaining physical health; (2) maintaining cognitive functioning;
and (3) continued engagement with life

A

successful ageing

18
Q

What is the benefit to societies when older adults remain engaged and productive through some combination of family roles, paid work and community service

A

longevity dividend

19
Q

What are the three substages in late adulthood?

A

young-old (65-75)
Old-old (75-84)
Oldest-old (85+)

20
Q

What does OADR stand for?

A

old-age dependency ratio
it is calculated by dividing the number of people aged 65 or older by the number of people aged 20–64 and multiplying by 100.

21
Q

Describe the changes in vision in late adulthood

A

Changes to the cornea, lens, retina and optic nerve in late adulthood may lead to cataracts, macular degeneration or
glaucoma.

22
Q

Describe changes in hearing in late adulthood

A

Hearing typically declines in late adulthood, although hearing aids may help compensate for this decline

23
Q

Describe the changes to taste and smell in late adulthood

A

Taste and smell also decline, which can have a negative impact on the diet and
health of older adults.

24
Q

Identify three lifestyle practices that have a positive influence on health.

A

Eating a healthy diet,
exercising regularly and
avoiding unhealthy practices, such as cigarette smoking
excess alcohol consumption,

25
What types of attention decline?
selective, divided and sustained
26
What is the ability to concentrate on a task for an extended period of time
sustained attention
27
What is an inability to retrieve information despite feeling that the information (such as a person’s name) is in there somewhere
tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) states
28
The term for the tendency to remember past events in a way that maintains a positive self-image, recalling pleasant events (the award you received) but forgetting unpleasant ones (the job promotion you wanted but did not get)
positivity effect
29
The term that refers to the fact that people recall autobiographical events from age 10 to 30 more vividly and with more detail than they recall the period from age 30 to 50, is called?
reminiscence bump
30
% of brain lost by age 80?
5-10%
31
What brain structures are affected? (3)
hippocampus cerebellum frontal lobes
32
Parkinson's disease involves an extreme reduction in _____?
dopamine
33
What is the neurological condition that entails losses in cognitive functioning severe enough to interfere with daily life
dementia
34
What is the type of dementia that has a distinctive pattern of structural decline in the brain involving the accumulation of amyloid plaques and the development of neurofibrillary tangles
Alzheimer's disease
35
What are the two main features of Alzheimers?
Accumulation of amyloid plaques (deposits of amyloid and clumps of dead neurons) Neurofibrillary tangles (bundles of twisted fibres that appear within neurons)
36
What is the result from cognitive activity in late adulthood, functioning like a kind of brain exercise, that can enable the brain to keep functioning well even as primary ageing of the brain takes place
cognitive reserve
37
What is the response to ageing that entails selecting valued activities and dropping others, optimising performance in the remaining activities and compensating for physical and cognitive declines by developing new strategies or by using technology
selective optimisation with compensation (SOC)