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LAW 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are SI Units

A

International system of Units

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2
Q

Does the aviation industry only use SI units

A

It is the goal but some non-SI units like knots and nautical miles remain with an indefinite date to phase out

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3
Q

What unit is used to measure wind direction when arriving & departing. What is determined by the measurement

A

Degrees Magnetic, dictates what runway is best to be used

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4
Q

What topic does EU 2015/340 address

A

Licencing rules. What constitutes a lawful holder of an ATCO licence and their ratings and endorsements

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5
Q

What are the three broad endorsements an ATCO has or may have on their license

A

1) Rating. Area, approach, aerodrome. Their privileges and limitations
2) Unit. Sectors they can work
3) Licence endorsements. OJTI, assessor

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6
Q

What is a revalidation of an ATCO licence

A

Act taken while holding an ATCO license to prove existing competence

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7
Q

What is a renewal of an ATCO licence

A

Act taken when an licence has expired to reinstate previously held license

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8
Q

What must be achieved to hold a SATCO licence

A

1) 18 y/o
2) Completed Basic and 1 rating
3) Class 3 medical
4) Level 4 English or above
5) Begin unit training within 1 year of issue otherwise assessment of previous competence (APC) required

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9
Q

What privileges does a SATCO licence provide

A

Can provide air traffic control services to live traffic in line with their rating and endorsements under supervision of an OJTI training them

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10
Q

What is the minimum required English level for an ATCO/SATCO licence

A

Level 4, goes up to level 6

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11
Q

At what age does a class 3 medical need to be rechecked each year

A

40

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12
Q

How soon in advance must a class 3 medical be renewed to keep it valid

A

45 days

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13
Q

How old must you be to hold an ATCO licence

A

21

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14
Q

How many years can you hold an ATCO licence

A

For life unless revoked/surrendered

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15
Q

How are some ways people may be unfit for work

A

1) Unwell
2) Fatigued
3) Under the effect of drink or drugs

Provisional inability to exercise license

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16
Q

What are the three major stages in training in becoming a valid ATCO

A

1) Initial training. Basic & rating
2) Transition training. Knowledge of site specific procedures and tasks
3) On-the-job training. Live training on your sector, stating with low traffic times before a final validation board

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17
Q

What are some features on an ATCO licence document

A

1) Licence number
2) Holder name, address, date of birth
3) Holders rating
4) Holders endorsements
5) Date of issue
6) Date of expiry
7) Holders English level

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18
Q

What is the unit competence scheme (UCS)

A

Established by ANSP. Unit procedures to ensure the controller remains valid on their sector. How many hours they must work in a time frame and procedures for when these are not met and judging an individual competence

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19
Q

What are the five broad components of an air navigation service

A

1) Communications, navigation and surveillance (CNS)
2) Meteorological Services (MET)
3) Air traffic management (ATM)
4) Search and rescue (SAR)
5) Aeronautical information services (AIS)

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20
Q

What is Annex 5 of ICAO concerned with

A

Units of measurement

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21
Q

What is EU 2012/923 concerned with

A

Standardised European rules of the air (SERA)

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22
Q

What considerations determine the provision of an air traffic service

A

1) Type of air traffic. Lots of commercial likely to need need full ATC compared to non-commercial traffic
2) Density of traffic. Only a consideration. Ocean traffic over large area but still needs separation
3) MET. Common bad weather needs more ATS
4) Tricky terrain
5) Mil traffic common

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23
Q

What are the four types of Air traffic service

A

1) Air traffic control (ATC)
2) Air traffic advisory
3) Flight information service
4) Alerting Service

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24
Q

What are the goals of an Air traffic control service

A

Prevent collision between aircraft in the air and on the ground in the manoeuvring area

Expedite and maintain orderly flow flow of traffic

Instructions must be followed by pilots

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25
What are the goals of an air traffic advisory service
Within advisory airspace ensure separation as far as practical between IFR flights. Doesn't have to be followed by pilots but pilot should advise ATC if they can't comply
26
What are the goals of a flight information service
Provide information pertinent to the safe and efficient flight. Weather, airspace info, airfield status
27
What are the goals of an alerting service
Notify and assist appropriate organisations of aircraft in need of S&R
28
What is SERA and what is its purpose
Standardised European Rules of the Air. Lay out the rules, service provisions and procedures of in air navigation
29
What are the objectives of an ATS
1) Prevent collisions between aircraft 2) Prevent collisions between aircraft and objects in the manoeuvring area 3) Expedite and maintain an orderly flow of traffic 4) Provide advice and information useful for safe and efficient conduct of flights 5) Notify appropriate organisations when SAR needed
30
How is an aircraft "in flight" defined
From the point the aircraft first moves under its own power to coming to rest after landing
31
How is an aircraft defined
Any machine deriving support from the atmosphere
32
How is an aeroplane defined
Power driven machine that is heavier than air and experiences aerodynamic reaction from fixed surfaces
33
How is a helicopter defined
Heavier than air aircraft supported in flight primary by 1 or more rotors in the vertical axis
34
How is an Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) defined
Aircraft operated by ground based controller using communications link
35
How is commercial air transport defined
Aircraft operations to transport passengers, cargo or mail for remunerations
36
What sort of flights are not following ICAO rules
Operation air traffic (OAT). Military training, refuelling, operations
37
Must pilots follow ATC instructions in full at all times
No, they have the ultimate final authority and may reject an instruction on clear safety grounds
38
In law what does SERA 3101 relate to
Aircraft should not be operated in a way that endangers life or property
39
Which SERA rule relates to not using psychoactive substances while engages in safety critical activities
SERA 2020
40
What does SERA 3201 relate to in law
The pilot in command has the responsibility and authority to avoid collision
41
Which SERA rule relates to an aircraft not being allowed to be operated in such a way to create a collision hazard
SERA 3205
42
What does SERA 3210 relate to
Rights of way
43
What obligation does an aircraft which has right of way have in regards to its ongoing territory
Maintain its heading and speed
44
Is there a preference for aircraft to avoid each other longitudly or laterally
Laterally, so to avoid wake turbulence being an issue
45
What avoiding action should oncoming aircraft take
Turn right
46
When two aircraft are converging to a point, who gives way
The aircraft that has the other to their right gives way. Except when there is a significant manoeuvrability difference
47
When one aircraft is overtaking another who has priority
The aircraft being overtaken has priority. Over taker goes to the right
48
Who gives way to landing aircraft
Aircraft in flight and on the ground
49
Who gives way to departing flights
Taxiing aircraft. Wait at holding points/reporting points until given clearance
50
How does an aircraft at night avoid runway incursions
Holding at red stop bar until turned off or otherwise instructed
51
How do aircraft v aircraft rights of way differ on the ground compared to the air
Broadly the same. Turn to the right, stop if practical
52
What vehicles have priority
Emergency vehicles assisting aircraft in distress. They still give way to departing and arriving aircraft
53
What rights of way afford vehicles towing aircraft
They get priority over other vehicles not towing. But departing, arrival and emergency vehicles responding still typically get priority
54
What is the purpose of anti-collision lights
Attract attention of other aircraft
55
What at night should be able to be deduced by an aircrafts navigation lights
The relative path of the aircraft, lights that are likely to be mistaken for nav lights can't be displayed. Balloons don't display them
56
How may an aircraft display its extremities on an airfield
Displaying lights while operating on an airfield showing its extremities
57
How can an external observer know an aircraft is being towed or taxiing
Displaying lights to demonstrate as such
58
How can an external observer know an aircraft has its engines running
Displaying lights to demonstrate as such
59
When are the only times an aircraft may disable or reduce the intensity of its lights
1) Adverse the satisfactory performance of duties 2) Dazzling outside observer (Marshaller)
60
What is the light layout of an aircraft
Red left beacon solid (110 degrees) Green right beacon solid (110 degrees) White rear beacon solid (140 degree) White strobe wing tips and rear Flashing red anti collision lights
61
How may an aircraft give distress signals
1) SOS signal through any means 2) Radiotelephony saying MAYDAY 3) Datalink sending MAYDAY 4) Red rockets or shells 5) Red parachute flare 6) 7700 squark
62
How may an aircraft give urgency signals
1) Turning landing lights on and off 2) Switching nav lights on and off distinct from their normal flashing 3) Morse code XXX 4) Radiotelephony saying PAN PAN 5) Datalink sending PAN PAN
63
What lighting system can an aerodrome controller use to communicate with aircraft
ALDIS
64
Do ICAO annex's match EU SERA completely
No. Differences in: Annex 2 rules of the air Annex 3 Met Annex 11 Air traffic services a/c aware of another a/c experiencing manoeuvrability issues with the other should give way Sailplane (glider) can overtake left or right of another sailplane Added that 'competent authorities' can specify met phenomena that a pilot must report that are not already on the list
65
What does the legislation EU 2015/340 encompass
ATC licencing rules
66
Under ICAO what two units can be used to measure rate of climb/decent
Feet per minute Meters per second
67
What would a steady red light mean from the ALDIS system towards an aircraft
If in air keep clear of a/c, continue circling If on ground, stop
68
What would a flashing red light mean from the ALDIS system towards an aircraft
Aerodrome unsafe don't land, if in flight Move clear of landing area if on the ground
69
What would a steady green light mean from the ALDIS system towards an aircraft
Clear to take off if on the ground Clear to land if in the air
70
What would a flashing green light mean from the ALDIS system towards an aircraft
Cleared to taxi if on the ground Return for landing if in the air
71
What would a flashing white light mean from the ALDIS system towards an aircraft
Return to starting point if on the ground Land and proceed to apron for heli in the air
72
How does an aircraft acknowledge ALDIS instructions other than complying
In darkness flashing landing lights/or nav lights if not equipped twice In day moving ailerons or rudder, in air rocking wings but not in base or final leg
73
In what classes of airspace are VFR flights given air traffic control services
B, C, D
74
In what classes of airspace are IFR flights given air traffic control services
A, B, C, D, E
75
In what situations is all traffic operating under said situations given an air traffic control service
Aerodrome traffic at a controlled aerodrome All SVFR traffic
76
In what class of airspace must all aircraft be separated by ATC
Class A & B
77
In class C airspace what categories of flight rules must be separated
IFR separated from other IFR and VFR VFR not separated from other VFR
78
In class D airspace what categories of flight rules must be separated
IFR from IFR IFR given traffic advice of VFR Likewise VFR given traffic advice
79
In class E airspace what categories of flight rules must be separated
IFR separated from IFR VFR not separated, get FIS
80
In class F airspace what categories of flight rules must be separated
IFR-IFR separated as far as possible VFR can get FIS
81
In class G airspace what categories of flight rules must be separated
Nobody, a/c just get FIS
82
What meteorological conditions must apply for see and avoid principle
Below 10000ft Less than 250 knots Good visibility
83
In aviation how do you define ceiling
Height from the ground of lowest cloud layer covering more than half the sky below 6000m/20000ft
84
In aviation how do you define visibility
Greater of: Distance where a black object near the ground can be see against a bright background Distance that light of 1000 candelas can be seen against black background
85
In aviation how do you define ground vis
As reported by accredited observer or auto system
86
In aviation how do you define flight vis
Forward vis from cockpit
87
In aviation how do you define night
Time between end of evening civil twilight (6 degrees below horizon) and morning civil twilight (6 degrees below horizon)
88
In aviation how do you define VMC
Met conditions including vis, distance from cloud & ceiling equal to or better than minima
89
In aviation how do you define IMC
Met conditions that don't satisfy VMC
90
In Europe what laws stipulate IFR & VFR limits
SERA Standard European Rules of the Air
91
Above 10,000ft what flight vis and distance from cloud is required for VMC
8km vis 1500m horizontally 1000ft vertically from cloud
92
Below 10,000ft & above 3000ft or 1000ft above terrain (whatever is higher) what flight vis and distance from cloud is required for VMC
5km vis 1500m horizontally 1000ft vertically from cloud
93
At or below 3000ft or 1000ft above terrain (whatever is higher) what flight vis and distance from cloud is required for VMC
5km vis 1500m horizontally 1000ft vertically from cloud **Except Class F & G**
94
At or below 3000ft or 1000ft above terrain (whatever is higher) in class F & G what are the vis requirements at low level
5km vis Clear of cloud with surface in sight Can be allowed if going below 140kts, low traffic expected in the area or special flights when authorised Heli must have at least 800m vis, except special cases like medical flight and fire fighting
95
In what ceiling and ground visibility conditions may VFR never operate at or near an aerodrome
Ceiling less and 450m/1500ft Ground vis less than 5km **Unless SVFR**
96
In flight how low can a VFR flight get to: City or congested areas Areas of water Obstacles
1000ft city 500ft water 500ft obstacle
97
Can VFR flights be conducted at night
Yes when authorised by competent authority More stringent rules
98
What is Special VFR
VFR flight clearance within a control zone when met conditions below VMC SVFR generally only at day unless otherwise authorised
99
What is the vis and speed limit for SVFR
At least 1.5km (800m for heli) Clear of cloud, surface in sight. Ceiling at least 600ft for landing Less than 140kts
100
What are the general cruising levels of IRF and VFR flights in uncontrolled airspace
East odd IFR thousand increments (3000, 5000) VFR 500 increments (3500, 5500) West even IFR thousand increments (4000, 6000) VFR 500 increments (4500, 6500)

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