Layout Strategy, Material & Inventory Management Flashcards
(93 cards)
1
Q
_____ focuses on designing the physical arrangement of facilities, equipment, and workstations to maximize efficiency, minimize waste, and ensure smooth workflow.
A
layout strategy
2
Q
5 types of layouts
A
- process layout
- product layout
- fixed-position layout
- hybrid layout
- cellular layout
2
Q
____ Arranging equipment in sequence in sequence for mass production (e.g., assembly lines).
A
product layout
2
Q
____ Grouping similar processes together (e.g., hospitals, job shops).
A
process layout
2
Q
____ Keeping the product stationary while resources move to it (e.g., ship building).
A
fixed-position layout
3
Q
____ Combination of multiple layout for flexibility.
A
hybrid layout
4
Q
____ Organizing workstations based on product families to improve efficiency.
A
cellular layout
5
Q
4 layout strategy in construction
A
- process layout
- product layout
- fixed-position layout
- hybrid layout
6
Q
_____ Site is divided into zones (e.g., materials storage, worker break areas, machinery stations).
A
process layout
7
Q
___ For prefabricated construction, materials are placed in sequence (e.g., beams, panels, and finishing materials).
A
product layout
7
Q
____ In skyscraper construction, the building remains in place while equipment and workers move around it.
A
fixed-position layout
8
Q
____ A mix of prefabrication (off-site) and on-site assembly for modular buildings.
A
hybrid layout
8
Q
4 factors affecting layout design
A
- space utilization
- workflow optimization
- material handling
- safety and ergonomics
9
Q
4 objective of an effective layout
A
- improve production efficiency
- reduce material handling and transportation costs
- optimize resource utilization
- enhance worker productivity and comfort
10
Q
_____ Maximizing available space while maintaining efficiency.
A
space utilization
11
Q
____ Reducing unnecessary movements and bottlenecks.
A
workflow optimization
12
Q
____ Ensuring a safe work environment to reduce injuries.
A
safety and ergonomics
13
Q
____ Minimizing transportation costs and improving accessibility.
A
material handling
14
Q
What are the 2 technology integration in layout design?
A
- automation
- simulation
15
Q
___ in layout design (AI-driven layouts, robotic workstations).
A
automation
16
Q
____ tools to optimize facility design before implementation.
A
simulation
17
Q
2 impact on cost and productivity
A
- reduces waste, labor costs, and material handling expenses
- leads to faster production cycles and increased output
18
Q
____ refers to the development of computer systems capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as learning, problem-solving, and decision-making.
A
artificial intelligence (AI)
18
Q
____ ensures the right materials are available at the right time, place, and cost to support production needs.
A
material management
18
What are the 3 objectives of material management?
- minimize waste and storage costs
- improve supply chain efficiency
- ensure uninterrupted production
19
_____ Reduces inventory holding costs by ordering materials only when needed.
just-in-time (JIT)
20
What are the 3 procurement strategies?
1. just-in-time (JIT)
2. vendor-managed inventory (VMI)
3. bulk purchasing
21
____ Supplier manage stock levels for manufacturers.
vendor-managed inventory (VMI)
22
____ Reduces costs but requires proper storage management.
bulk purchasing
23
What are 3 storage & handling?
1. FIFO (first-in-first-out) & LIFO (last-in-first-out)
2. warehouse management systems (WMS)
3. automated retrieval systems
23
Storage & handling for material rotations when needed.
FIFO and LIFO
24
Storage & handling for optimized storage.
warehouse management systems (WMS)
24
2 steps in supplier management
1. evaluating supplier performance based on cost, quality, and reliability
2. building strong supplier relationships for better pricing and priority service.
25
2 technology in material management
- RFID and barcode systems for real-time inventory tracking
- AI-driven demand forecasting to prevent stockouts
25
Storage & handling to improve efficiency
automated retrieval systems
26
2 cost control & waste reduction
- implementing lean manufacturing principles
- sustainable sourcing to reduce environmental impact
26
5 material management in construction
1. just-in-time (JIT)
2. vendor-managed inventory (VMI)
3. bulk purchasing
4. materials handling
5. RFID tracking
26
_____ Concrete is delivered in small, scheduled batches to prevent hardening before use.
just-in-time (JIT)
27
____ The supplier monitors stock levels of cement and aggregates, replenishing them automatically.
vendor-managed inventory (VMI)
28
___ Large orders of steel bars and cement to get discounts, but requiring careful storage.
bulk purchasing
29
____Using cranes and conveyor belts to transport heavy materials efficiently.
material handling
30
____ Each batch of concrete is tagged for quality control and traceability.
RFID tracking
31
____ involves tracking, controlling, and optimizing, stock levels to meet demand without excess waste.
inventory management
32
5 types of inventory
1. raw materials
2. work-in-progress (WIP)
3. finished goods
4. MRO (maintenance, repair, and operations)
5. safety stock (buffer inventory)
33
____ Basic materials used in construction. example: cement, steel bars, sand, gravel, bricks
raw materials
34
_____ These materials are procured in bulk and stored until needed for site work.
raw materials
34
____ Partially completed components. example: pre-cast concrete slabs, fabricated steel beams, ductwork, wooden panels.
work-in-progress (WIP)
35
____ are semi-finished products that are not yet part of the final structure
work-in-progress (WIP)
35
_____ Completed items ready for installation. example: Pre-assembled doors, windows, prefabricated wall panels, HVAC units
finished goods
36
_____ components are fully completed and stored until installation
finished goods
37
___ Supporting supplies. example: Safety gear, tools, lubricants, spare parts, welding rods
MRO (maintenance, repair, and operations)
38
_____ items don’t go directly into the building, but are essential for construction activities.
MRO (maintenance, repair, and operations)
39
_____ Buffer inventory. Extra stock kept for emergencies. example: Extra steel bars, backup cement bags, additional tiles for replacement
safety stock
40
_____ Stored as a precaution in case of unexpected demand or delivery delays
safety stock
41
3 inventory control techniques
1. economic order quantity (EOQ)
2. ABC analysis
3. just-in-time (JIT)
42
____ Determines the optimal order quantity to minimize total costs.
economic order quantity (EOQ)
43
_____ Categorizes inventory based on importance (A = high-value, B = medium, C = low-value).
ABC analysis
44
_____ Reduces storage costs by keeping minimal stock.
just-in-time (JIT)
45
____ Using AI and big data analytics to predict demand fluctuations. Seasonal and trend-based forecasting to manage inventory levels.
demand forecasting
46
_____ Measures how efficiently inventory is used by calculating sales vs. stock levels.
inventory turnover ratio
46
____ Integrates inventory with other business processes.
enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems
47
3 software & automation in inventory management
1. enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems
2. cloud-based inventory system
3. IoT (internet of things)
47
____ Real-time stock visibility across multiple locations.
cloud-based inventory systems
48
_____ Smart sensors for real-time inventory tracking.
IoT (internet of things)
49
6 inventory management in construction
1. raw materials
2. work-in-progress (WIP)
3. finished goods
4. safety stock
5. inventory turnover ratio
6. software integration
50
_____ Steel beams, cement, bricks, and sand are ordered based on demand forecasts
raw materials
51
____ Pre-cut steel beams stored near the assembly area for quick access.
work-in-progress (WIP)
52
____ Prefabricated sections ready for final installation.
finished goods
52
_____ ensure consistency and efficiency in job performance, while manpower planning focuses on forecasting workforce needs to optimize productivity.
work standards
53
____ Tracking how quickly materials are used to prevent excess stock or shortages.
inventory turnover ratio
54
_____ Cloud-based inventory systems help managers track stock levels across multiple project sites.
software integration
54
_____ Extra steel beams kept on-site to prevent delays due to unexpected demand.
safety stock
55
3 work standardization
1. establishing Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)
2. defining best practices for quality and efficiency
3. reducing variablity in performance
56
A ____ is a detailed, written set of instructions that outlines how to perform a specific task or process consistently and effectively, ensuring uniformity and quality.
standard operating procedure (SOP)
57
2 time & motion study
1. observing tasks to identify inefficiencies
2. improving workflows by eliminating redundant steps
58
2 manpower planning
1. workforce forecasting
2. skill gap analysis
59
____ Estimating future labor needs based on production goals.
workforce forecasting
60
____ Identifying training needs for workforce development.
skill gap analysis
61
2 automation & workforce balance
1. identifying roles suitable for automation
2. retraining workers for higher-value tasks instead of repetitive manual labor
62
2 ergonomics & job satisfaction
1. designing jobs to reduce physical strain and improve comfort
2. ensuring a balanced workload to prevent burnout
63
2 performance metrics & monitoring
1. key performance indicators (KPIs)
2. continuous improvement programs
64
____ for productivity, efficiency, and quality control.
key performance indicators (KPIs)
65
_____ Lean Six Sigma for performance optimization.
continuous improvement programs
66
____ Focuses on efficiency through the minimization of waste errors and delays.
lean
67
____ Focuses on quality and consistency, through process improvement and variation reduction.
six sigma
68
____ Delivers Customer Value through efficient operations and quality standards.
lean six sigma
69
2 designing work standards & manpower planning in construction
1. work standardization
2. time & motion study
70
_____ Using standard operating procedures (SOPs) for excavation, framing, and electrical work to ensure consistent quality.
work standardization
71
_____ Analyzing how long it takes workers to lay bricks per square meter and optimizing workflow.
time & motion study
72
4 manpower planning
- forecasting the number of workers needed for each phase (foundation, structural work, finishing)
- ensuring a balance between skill labor (electricians, plumbers) and general laborers
- tracking productivity through daily logs
- using key performance indicators (KPIs) like completed square footage per day
73
Using automatic brick-laying machines to speed up work while retaining manual workers for finishing tasks
automation vs. workforce
74
2 performance monitoring
1. tracking productivity through daily logs
2. using key performance indicators (KPIs) like completed square footage per day
74
Providing proper lifting equipment and safety gear to reduce injuries.
ergonomics & safety
