LC6

Question 1

used by physicians to diagnose and monitor the presence of disease

Answer 1

Laboratory Test

Question 2

condition of the metabolism of the body early in the morning of after approx 12 hrs of fasting

Answer 2

Basal state

Question 3

considerations in pre-examination phase

Answer 3

1. Physiological variables
2. Puncture sites
3. Complications and special conditions
4. Specimen quality

Question 4

separation of serum to RBC; distributing the samples needed

Answer 4

Aliquot

Question 5

Influence of age to :

1. RBC Count
2. WBC Count
3. Renal Function Test

Answer 5

1. RBC Count - higher in younger patients
2. WBC Count - higher in younger patients
3. Renal Function Test - decrease with age

Question 6

Influence of altitude to :

1. RBC Count
2. Hemoglobin
3. Hematocrit
4. C-Reactive Proteins
5. Uric Acid
6. Creatinine

Answer 6

1. RBC Count - Elevated in higher altitude
2. Hemoglobin - Elevated in higher altitude
3. Hematocrit - Elevated in higher altitude
4. C-Reactive Proteins - Elevated in higher altitude
5. Uric Acid - Elevated in higher altitude
6. Creatinine - Decrease in higher altitude

Question 7

Influence of dehydration to :

1. RBC Count
2. Iron
3. Calcium
4. Sodium

Answer 7

1. RBC Count - Elevated
2. Iron - Elevated
3. Calcium - Elevated
4. Sodium - Elevated

Question 8

Influence of diet to :

1. High Protein
2. Caffeine
3. Carbohydrates
4. Excessive water and other fluids
5. Fatty foods

Answer 8

1. High Protein - Elevated NPN Compounds
2. Caffeine - Elevated cortisol and ACTH and NEFA
3. Carbohydrates - Elevated glucose and insulin
4. Excessive water and other fluids - Decreased Hemoglobin
5. Fatty foods - Elevated lipid profile

Question 9

3 tests that are done in the morning

Answer 9

Cortisol, ACTH, Iron

Question 10

Inappropriate Venipuncture Sites and Troubleshooting in Site Selection

Answer 10

1. Arm on side of mastectomy
2. Edematous areas
3. Hematoma
4. Arm in which blood is being transfused
5. Scarred area
6. Arm with fistulas or vascular grafts
7. Sites above an IV cannula
8. Obesity

Question 11

caused by high levels of albumin in urine

Answer 11

Orthostatic Albuminuria, Albuminuria

Question 12

Chemistry analytes affected by hemolysis

Answer 12

1. Potassium
2. LDH
3. AST
4. Magnesium
5. Phosphate

Question 13

catheter is placed in an artery

Answer 13

Arterial Line

Question 14

used to provide accurate and continuous measurement of patients blood pressure

Answer 14

Arterial Line

Question 15

permanent surgical connection of an artery and vein by direct fusion and used for dialysis

Answer 15

Arteriovenous Shunt, Fistula, or Graft

Question 16

reduced the chance of infection, prevention needlesticks, and minimize waste associated with line draws

Answer 16

Blood Sampling Device

Question 17

Where blood is collected when using a blood sampling device

Answer 17

Arterial or central venous catheter

Question 18

Catheter or cannula connected to a stopcock or a cap with diaphragm

Answer 18

Heparin or Saline Lock ( Hep-lock )

Question 19

Done with hep-lock to prevent clogging

Answer 19

flushing w heparin or saline

Question 20

IV-catheter inserted in a vein to administer fluids

Answer 20

Intravenous sites

Question 21

not to be used to obtain blood sample

Answer 21

Intravenous sites

Question 22

tubings inserted to the main vein or artery used for blood collection, monitoring the patient’s pressures, and administering medications and fluids

Answer 22

Central Vascular Access Devices (CVADs)

Question 23

3 Types of CVADs

Answer 23

1. Central venous catheter
2. Implanted port
3. Peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)

Question 24

rapid swelling at or near the venipuncture site due to blood leaking into the tissues

Answer 24

Hematoma Formation

Question 25

results from blood loss due to blood draw

Answer 25

Iatrogenic Anemia

Question 26

happens when blood is filling up the tube rapidly and there is a rapid formation of hematoma on the site

Answer 26

Inadvert Arterial Puncture

Question 27

avoided by making sure that tapes or bandages are not opened ahead of time

Answer 27

Infection

Question 28

due to improper site selection, rapid needle insertion, excessive redirection of needle and blind probing

Answer 28

Nerve Injury

Question 29

blood drawn flowing back into the vein from collection tube = adverse reaction due to the presence of tube additives

Answer 29

Reflux of Anticoagulant

Question 30

avoided when one follows the proper technique

Answer 30

Vein Damage

Question 31

3 types of allergies and resolution

Answer 31

1. Adhesive allergy - use gauze and remove after 15 mins 2. Antiseptic allergy - use a different antiseptic 3. Latex allergy - look for sign to indicate allergy and use a non-latex alternative

Question 32

when patient is on aspirin or anticoagulant bleeding may take a longer time

Answer 32

Excessive Bleeding

Question 33

temporary loss of consciousness caused by insufficient flow of blood to the brain

Answer 33

Fainting

Question 34

discontinue procedure until the feeling subsides

Answer 34

Nausea and Vomiting

Question 35

appearance of small red or purple spots that look like rashes that appear when tourniquet is applied

Answer 35

Petechiae

Question 36

may lead to incorrect blood-to-additive ratio

Answer 36

Short draws

Question 37

constituents which has a high concentration of RBC

Answer 37

1. Lactate dehydrogenase 2. Aspartate aminotransferase 3. Potassium

Question 38

Difference of serum and plasma

Answer 38

1. Serum - liquid portion of clotted blood; no anticoagulant 2. Plasma - liquid portion of unclotted blood; anticoagulant present

Question 39

veins that are blocked and results to insufficient blood flow

Answer 39

Collapsed Veins