LC8 Flashcards
(106 cards)
1
Q
requirements of special procedures
A
- Special preparation
- Equipment
- Handling
- Timing
- Additional collection
2
Q
where blood is collected and stored before it is used for transfusions
A
blood bank
3
Q
Examples of compatibility testing
A
blood typing, screening for unexpected cell antibodies
4
Q
tubes used for blood banking
A
pink or lavender EDTA tubes
5
Q
T/F Blood bank specimens require strict patient identification and specimen labelling procedures.
A
True
6
Q
Requirements in labeling a blood bank specimen
A
- Patient’s full name
- Hospital identification number
- Date of birth of the patient
- Date and time of collection
- Phlebotomist’s initials
- Room number and bed number
7
Q
Special identification system used in blood banking
A
ID bracelet with barcoded ID number
8
Q
Blood product validation (4)
A
- Clinician’s identity
- Patient’s identification
- Product’s unique bar-coded donor identifier
- Blood product’s bar code
9
Q
Commonly performed tests in blood typing and screening
A
ABO and Rh typing
10
Q
screening for infections and unexpected RBC antibodies
A
Blood typing and screening
11
Q
compatibility testing and selection of safe blood for transfusion
A
Cross-matching
12
Q
testing of donor cells with patient/recipient’s serum to detect antibodies in the patient
A
Major cross-match
13
Q
testing of donor’s serum with patient/recipient’s RBCs to detect antibodies in donor serum
A
Minor cross-match
14
Q
T/F Cross-matching checks for agglutination and lysis between the donor and the recipient.
A
True
15
Q
collecting of blood to be used for blood transfusion procedures rather than for diagnostic procedures
A
Blood Donor Collection
16
Q
amount of blood collected from volunteers
A
units
17
Q
T/F All potential blood donors must be interviewed to determine the eligibility.
A
True
18
Q
Factors considered for donor eligibility
A
- General appearance
- Age
- Temperature
- Weight
- Normal blood pressure
- Normal pulse rate
- Acceptable hemoglobin levels
- Absence of skin lesions
19
Q
monthly rule for blood collection
A
3 Month Rule
20
Q
Age requirement for blood donors
A
17-66 years old
21
Q
Temperature requirement for blood donors
A
less than or equal to 37.5C or 99.5F
22
Q
Weight requirement for blood donors
A
10.5 mL blood
23
Q
Normal blood pressure requirement for blood donors
A
180mmHg systolic pressure; 100mmHg diastolic pressure
24
Q
Normal pulse rate requirement for blood donors
A
between 50-100 bpm
25
Acceptable hemoglobin levels requirement for blood donors
greater than or equal to 12.5 g/dL; HCT = 38%
26
Skin lesions requirement for blood donors
skin disorders that do not cause deferral such as ivy and other rashes
27
anticoagulant and preservative used in collecting units of blood for transfusion purposes
CPD or CPDA1
28
notification to all blood recipients when a donor for a blood product they have received has turned positive for transmissible disease
Lookback Program
29
gauge used for blood banking
16 to 18 gauge needle
30
where should the bag be placed when blood is collected for blood banking
lower than the patient's arm
31
normal amount of blood collected for blood banking
450-500 mL
32
process by which a person donates blood for his or her own use
Autologous Donation
33
minimum hours between donation and surgery during autologous donation
72 hours before the scheduled surgery
34
occurs when aqueous solutions, plasma, and serum samples or banked erythrocytes often contain lysed RBCs that have released hemoglobin into the solution
Cell Salvaging
35
indication that too many red cells were destroyed during the salvage process and renal dysfunction could occur if blood were reinfused
High free hemoglobin level
36
presence of bacteria in the blood
Bacteremia
37
presence of microorganisms or their toxins in the blood
Septicemia
38
3 purposes of blood culture
1. Presence and extent of infection
2. Indication of the type of organism responsible
3. Antibiotic that is susceptible
39
when should blood culture be collected
during 30 minutes to 2 1/2 hours prior to fever peak
40
why should blood culture be collected prior to fever peak
before the body can eliminate some of the microorganisms
41
2 sets of specimen collected for blood culture
Aerobic and Anaerobic
42
Difference of Aerobic and Anaerobic bottles
1. Aerobic - filled first if winged blood collection is done
2. Anaerobic - filled first when syringe is used
43
why is EDTA, heparin, and sodium citrate not used for blood culture collection
these anticoagulants inhibits the growth of microorganisms
44
specimen requirements for blood cultures to detect bacteremia and fungemia
1. 2-4 blood cultures
2. drawn 30 to 60 minutes apart
3. drawn consecutively and immediately from different sites
4. ratio of blood to broth = 1:5 - 1:10
45
blood volume collected for blood cultures in adults
20-30 mL per culture with a minimum of 10 mL per draw
46
blood volume collected for blood cultures in pediatric patients
1% to 4% of patient's total blood volume
47
Skin antisepsis for blood culture
1. 30-60 seconds friction rub
2. 10% povidone iodine
3. cover 3-4 in diameter at the puncture site
48
3 types of media inoculation methods
1. Direct Inoculation - use of butterfly and a designed holder
2. Syringe Inoculation - use of syringe and a safety transfer device
3. Intermediate Collection Tube - yellow top SPS tube
49
4 Keypoints when collecting specimens for coagulation tests
1. Draw a discard tube before a blue top
2. Sodium citrate tubes must be filled correctly for a 9:1 ratio of blood to coagulant
4. Cooling on ice may be required for some samples
50
tests for the evaluation of hemostasis
APTT, PT
51
anticoagulant used for most coagulation tests
Trisodium citrate
52
Special procedures for coagulation tests (in relation to time of collection)
1. Tests should be done within 4 hrs of sample collection
2. Plasma should be frozen within 1 hr of harvesting
53
measurement of blood glucose exactly 2 hours after eating a meal
2-Hour Postprandial Glucose Blood
54
Purpose of 2HPPBS
1. screening test for diabetes mellitus
2. for monitoring of insulin levels
55
Preparation done during 2HPPBS
1. High carbohydrate diet for 2-3 days
2. Patient should be tested for FBS
3. Patient should eat a meal
4. Blood sample drawn 2 hrs after patient finished eating
56
Morse Type
In normal patients, blood glucose levels peak within 30 minutes to 1 hour following glucose ingestion.The peak in glucose levels triggers release of insulin which bring glucose levels back up to fasting levels.
T, F
57
Condition when blood glucose is increased than normal glucose
Hyperglycemia
58
Condition when blood glucose is decreased than normal glucose
Hypoglycemia
59
used to diagnose problems of carbohydrate metabolism
Glucose Tolerance test
60
primarily responsible for regulating blood glucose levels
Insulin
61
used to determine if a patient lacks the enzyme necessary to convert lactose, or milk sugar into glucose and galactose
Lactose Tolerance Test
62
what happens to the glucose curve when lactose is intolerant
Glucose curve is flat, rising no more than a few mg/dL from the fasting level
63
done to determine the probability that a specific individual fathered a particular child
Paternity/Parentage Testing
64
samples used for paternity testing
blood samples and buccal/cheek swabs
65
requirement for paternity testing
1. chain of custody protocol
2. specific identification procedures = fingerprinting
3. mother, child, and father should be tested
66
used in management of patients being treated with certain drugs to establish and maintain drug dosage
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
67
T/F Timing of blood sample collection is not critical in TDM
False
68
Sample collection for trough levels
blood sample should be drawn right before next dose is administered
69
Sample collection for peak levels
1. blood sample collected 1 hr after oral administration
2. blood sample collected 0.5 ht after completion of IV administration
70
Determinant for drug to be beneficial
1. Peak level must not exceed toxic levels
2. Trough level must remain within therapeutic range
71
withdrawal of approximately 500 mL of blood
Therapeutic Phlebotomy
72
condition when there is an overproduction of RBC count
Polycythemia
73
disease of iron metabolism that is characterized by excess deposition of iron in tissues
Hemochromatosis
74
examine blood, hair, urine, and other body substances for the presence of toxins
Toxicology tests
75
detection of toxins and treatment for the effects they produce
Clinical Toxicology
76
concerned with the legal consequences of toxin exposure
Forensic Toxicology
77
test collected when individual is involved in a traffic accident
Blood Alcohol Concentration
78
antisepsis used to collect blood alcohol specimens
Aqueous Povidone-iodine and aqueous benzalkonium chloride (BZK)
79
tube used to collect blood alcohol specimens
Gray-top sodium fluoride tube
80
typically performed on urine rather than blood as it is easy to obtain a wide variety of drugs and their metabolites
Drug Screening
81
Patient preparation requirements for drug screening
1. Explain test purpose and procedure
2. Advise patient of their legal rights
3. Obtain a witnessed, signed consent form
82
Specimen collection requirements for drug screening
1. Special area maintained for urine collection
2. Proctor is required to be present
3. Split sample may be required
4. Specimen should be labeled properly
5. Specimen should be sealed and placed in a locked container during transport
83
Metals that are detected for trace elements
aluminum, arsenic, copper, lead, iron, and zinc
84
tube used to collect trace element samples
Royal Blue Top
85
Alternative names for Point-of-care Testing
1. alternate site testing
2. ancillary
3. bedside
4. near-patient testing
5. patient-focused testing
86
utilized small, portable and handheld testing devices
Point of Care Testing
87
POCT used for coagulation monitoring
1. PT and INR
2. PTT/APTT
3. ACT
4. Platelet Function
5. Bleeding Time
88
used to monitor warfarin therapy and the activity of coagulation factors involved in the extrinsic coagulation pathway
Prothrombin Time (PT)
89
used to monitor unfractionated heparin therapy and clot-based screening test for intrinsic regulation
Activated Partial Thrombin Time (APTT) or Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)
90
whole blood clotting time test used in cardiac surgical suites
Activated Clotting Time (ACT)
91
allows clinician to determine a patient's response to medication before open heart surgery
Platelet function testing
92
time interval required fir blood to stop flowing from a puncture wound on the volar surface of the forearm
Bleeding Time
93
measured by POCT methods which include pH, PCO2, SO2, and PO2
Arterial blood gas (ABGs)
94
most common electrolytes measured by POCT
sodium, potassium, chloride bicarbonate ion, and ionized calcium
95
proteins specific to heart muscle
Cardiac Troponin T and troponin I
96
analytes utilized to assess the occurrence of myocardial infarction (MI)
Cardiac Markers
97
most common POCT procedure and most often performed to monitor glucose levels of patients with diabetes mellitus
Glucose Testing
98
instrument used for glucose testing
Glucometer
99
primary constituent of red blood cell cytoplasm and transports molecular oxygen from the lungs to the tissues
Hemoglobin
100
Normal value of hemoglobin
12.5 g/dL
101
where blood is placed during hemoglobin testing
special microcuvette
102
measure the volume of RBCs in a patients blood
Hematocrit
103
instrument used to collect sample for Hct testing
Microhematocrit capillary tubes
104
hormone detected for Pregnancy Testing
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
105
describes the results of a series of screening tests capable of detecting renal, urinary tract and metabolic and systemic diseases
Urinalysis
106
instrument usually used for urinalysis
Dipstick
