Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ITP > LEARNING > Flashcards

LEARNING Flashcards

1
Q

LEARNING (behaviorist POV)

A

PERMANENT CHANGE in BEHAVIOR that arises from PRACTICE/EXPERIENCE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

LEARNING (cognitive psychology)

A
  • When organisms CHANGE the way they REPRESENT the environment because of new EXPERIENCE
  • CHANGING MENTAL PERCEPTION in which it also changes how u function in an environment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

WHAT DID IVAN PAVLOV CONTRIBUTE?

A

u can CONDITION something through REPEATED exposure/experience to a stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

A
  • simple form of learning where a NEUTRAL STIMULUS comes to EVOKE the response by ANOTHER STIMULUS by being IN PAIR REPEATEDLY
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

REFLEX

A

unlearned and evoked by a certain stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

STIMULUS

A

environmental condition that elicits a response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING (cognitive psychologists)

A

relationships allow organisms to mentally represent their environments and make predictions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS (UCS)

A

elicits a response before conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

UNCONDITIONED RESPONSE (UCR)

A

unlearned response to an unconditioned stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ORIENTED REFLEX

A

unlearned response where an organism attends to a stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

CONDITIONED STIMULUS (CS)

A

previously neutral but now elicits a conditioned response after exposure in pair repeatedly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

CONDITIONED RESPONSE (CR)

A

learned response to a conditioned stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

EXTINCTION

A

when a stimulus loses the ability to evoke a learned response because events that are connected to the stimuli no longer occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ACQUISITION

A

the act of repeatedly exposing the CS and UCS at the same time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY

A

the recurrence of an extinguished response as a function of the passage of time

(we never know when we could feel the same pleasure so we tend to return to it/relapse haha)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

GENERALIZATION

A

(during conditioning) the tendency for a CR to be evoked by other similar stimulus similar to CS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

DISCRIMINATION

A

(during conditioning) the tendency of the organism to distinguish between a CS and a similar stimuli that do not forecast a UCS

(differentiate the difference between stimuli’s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

HIGHER ORDER CONDITIONING

A

(a classical conditioning procedure)
a previously neutral stimulus comes to elicit the response from a CS by being paired repeatedly with that conditioned stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

TASTE AVERSION

A

(an example of classical conditioning)
when a single nauseating meal can give rise to a taste aversion that lasts for years)

20
Q

“LITTLE ALBERT” classical conditioning of emotional responses

A

proved that emotional reactions like fear can be learned through classical conditioning

21
Q

BIOLOGICAL PREPAREDNESS

A

(from evolutionary forces)
our tendency to develop fears from thunder, snakes, darkness but not flowers because the latter would have been sources of danger to our ancestors
(readiness to acquire a CS due to biological makeup)

22
Q

COUNTERCONDITIONING

A

(fear-reduction technique/behavior therapy method)
when a pleasant stimuli are paired with a fear evoking stimuli so it loses its aversive qualities

23
Q

FLOODING

A

(behavior therapy method)
client is exposed to fear-evoking stimulus until the fear is gone

24
Q

SYSTEMATIC DESENSITIZATION

A

(behavior therapy method)
client is GRADUALLY exposed to fear evoking stimuli under circumstances where they feel relaxed

25
Q

OPERANT CONDITIONING

A

organisms learn to do things/not do things because of the consequences of their behavior

simple form of learning in which an organism learns to engage in behavior cuz its reinforced

26
Q

LAW OF EFFECT (THORNDIKE)

A

we are more likely to respond to events that provides rewards compared to unpleasant events where we “stamp out” response (learning not to behave in ways that bring on punishment)

27
Q

OPERANT BEHAVIOR (operants)

A

behavior that operates on or manipulates the environment

28
Q

REINFORCERS

A

increases the probability of a behavior to occur when used (ex: food)

29
Q

POSITIVE & NEGATIVE REINFORCERS

A

Positive: increases the probability of behavior to occur (u add something to increase)
Negative: increase the probability of behavior to occur when reinforcers are removed (u remove to increase)

30
Q

PRIMARY & SECONDARY REINFORCER

A

Primary: biological needs (effectiveness is based on biological make up)
Secondar: can be used to trade into a primary (stimulus that gains reinforcement value through ASSOCIATION)

31
Q

DISCRIMINATIVE STIMULUS

A

(operant conditioning)
a stimulus that indicates that reinforcement is available

32
Q

CONTINUOUS REINFORCEMENT

A

schedule of reinforcement in which every correct response is reinforced

33
Q

PARTIAL REINFORCEMENT

A

not every correct response is reinforced

34
Q

PUNISHMENT

A

decreases the behavior
positive - u add to decrease
negative - u remove to decrease

35
Q

ABC (change consequence to change the behavior)

A

A - antecedent (what happened)
B - behavior (problematic behavior)
C - consequences (what happened after)

36
Q

SCHEDULE OF REINFORCEMENT

A

FIXED INTERVAL - fixed amount of time (specific fixed)
VARIABLE INTERVAL - time interval varies (paiba-iba)

FIXED RATIO - reinforcement is given after a fixed number of correct responses (fixed quota)
VARIABLE RATIO - required number of correct responses varies

37
Q

BIOFEEDBACK TRAINING (APPLICATIONS OF OPERANT CONDITIONS)

A

receiving reinforcement in the form of information

38
Q

SHAPING

A

(procedure for teaching complex behaviors)

reinforces progressive steps toward behavioral goal

39
Q

SUCCESSIVE APPROXIMATIONS

A

(done during shaping) after setting the goal

behaviors which are progressively closer to target behavior (small steps)

40
Q

BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION

A

used to reinforce children to behave appropriately and extinguish misbehavior by ignoring it

41
Q

PROGRAMMED LEARNING

A

(educational method)

assumes that any complex task can be broken down into small steps
does not punish errors, but correct responses are reinforced

42
Q

COGNITIVE MAPS

A

mental representation of the layout of one’s environment

43
Q

LATENT LEARNING

A

learning that is hidden/concealed

44
Q

CONTINGENCY LEARNING

A

(Robert Rescorla)
learning occurs only when the CS provides information about the UCS

45
Q

OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING

A

learning through observation (knowledge and skills)

model: organism that is imitated by another orgnism

46
Q

MIRROR NEURONS

A

ability to mirror what we observe

(connected to why we yawn when other people yawn, why babies stick out their tongues when they see ppl do it, and why maybe laughter is contagious)

ITP (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions