Learning

Question 1

What is Classical Conditioning and who introduced it?

Answer 1

A type of learning when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus which produces a response and it was introduced by Ivan Pavlov

Question 2

Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

Answer 2

something that naturally triggers an unlearned response

Question 3

Unconditioned Response (UR)

Answer 3

an unlearned response to the stimulus

Question 4

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

Answer 4

A neutral stimulus that triggers a learned response after being paired with an unconditional stimulus

Question 5

Conditioned Response (CR)

Answer 5

a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus

Question 6

Temporal Contiguity

Answer 6

The closeness in time between two events or stimuli for learning to happen

Question 7

Extinction

Answer 7

when a learned response fades away because the reinforcement or reward for that behavior is no longer given

Question 8

Spontaneous Recovery

Answer 8

when a response that had disappeared after extinction suddenly shows up again

Question 9

Stimulus Generalization

Answer 9

when a response learned from one stimulus is also produced to a similar, but distinct, stimulus

Question 10

Stimulus Discrimination

Answer 10

responding to a specific stimulus but not to similar stimuli similar to it

Question 11

Operant Conditioning

Answer 11

A type of learning where responses are strengthened or weakened based on the consequences

Question 12

Acquisition

Answer 12

The initial stage of learning in classical conditioning

Question 13

Shaping by Successive Approximations

Answer 13

a method used in operant conditioning to gradually rewarding behaviors that are closer to the desired behavior

Question 14

How did BF Skinner influence learning?

Answer 14

known for his research in operant conditioning, studying how voluntary behavior is influenced by reinforcement and punishment.

Question 15

Positive Reinforcement

Answer 15

When a response is STRENGTHENED because it is followed by a rewarding stimulus

Question 16

Negative Reinforcement

Answer 16

When a response is STRENGTHENED because it is followed by the REMOVAL of an unpleasant stimulus

Question 17

Continuous Reinforcement

Answer 17

provides a reward every single time the behavior happens

Question 18

Intermittent Reinforcement

Answer 18

provides a reward only some of the time when the behavior happens

Question 19

Schedules of Reinforcement

Fixed Ratio

Answer 19

Reinforcement is given after a fixed number of responses

Question 20

Schedules of Reinforcement

Variable Ratio

Answer 20

Reinforcement is given after a variable number of responses

Question 21

Punishment

Answer 21

CONSEQUENCES that WEAKEN responses.

Question 22

Albert Bandura

Answer 22

• created observational learning
• He studied children in order to understand how they learn from others.

Question 23

BoBo Doll Studies

Answer 23

Students watching others be physical and violent with bobo doll and ended up being physical as well

Question 24

Observational Learning

Answer 24

Learning by observing others

Question 25

Models

Answer 25

individuals or characters that are observed by the learner.