Learning Flashcards
(47 cards)
(…) and (…) behaviors are both maintained by negative reinforcement, but the later involves a cue and (…) training (classical conditioning). Responding to the cue prevents the aversive stimulus from occurring at all.
Escape and avoidance, discriminative
Research: Tolman worked with (…), Ebbinghaus (…), Thorndike (…), and Kohler with (…).
rats, himself, cats, and chimpanzees
Beginning with a continuous schedule of reinforcement, then changing to intermittent is called (…).
thinning
In vivo (…) therapy utilizes (…) to reduce the attractiveness of a stimulus by pairing it with an (…) response. (…) (…) is similar but the (…) and (…) are presented in imagination.
aversion, counterconditioning, undesireable, Covert sensitization, CS and US
Time-out is a form of (…) (…).
negative punishment
The serial position effect evidences two effects: (…) and (…). The first occurs because items have been (…) and (…) in long-term memory. Items at the end are in (…)-(…) memory.
primacy, recency, rehearsed, stored, short-term
(…) memory is the ability to “remember to remember”. Also associated with remembering to perform a task in the future.
prospective
Observational learning includes 4 processes: (…), (…), (…), and (…). The most effective type is (…) (…). A primary source of motivation is (…)-(…) beliefs.
attention, retention, production, and motivation; participant modeling, self-efficacy
PE utilizes a (…) (…) technique by exposing s/o to the CS ((…)-(…) (…)) without the original (…).
classical extinction, anxiety-arousing, US
Wolpe developed (…) (…), an application of (…) or (…) inhibition. It pairs (…) with (…).
systematic desensitization, counterconditioning, reciprocal inhibition, anxiety-evoking stimuli with relaxation
Badeley and Hitch’s (…)-(…) model suggests working memory includes a (…) (…) and 3 subsystems: (…), (…), and (…).
multi-component, central executive, phonological loop, visuo-spatial sketchpad, episodic buffer
The central (…) acts as an “(…) control system”, (…) irrelevant information and coordinating subsystems of working memory.
executive, attentional, suppressing
Removing points/tokens as a negative punishment is a (…) (…).
response cost
The 3 levels of processing: (…), (…), (…). The best for retention is (…).
structural, phonemic, semantic, semantic
(…) memory contains lots of information for a few seconds. (…) memory is limited in amount, fades in 30 seconds. (…) memory is unlimited.
sensory, short term, long term
(…) (…) is when a behavior happens due to the presence of a (…) stimuli. Positive (…) stimuli signals the behavior will be reinforced.
stimulus control, discriminative x 2
Blocking occurs when a (…) blocks an association between a (…) (…) stimulus and the (…), when they are are presented together. The new neutral stimulus doesn’t work because it provides (…) information.
CS, second neutral, US, redudent
(…)-(…) conditioning occurs when a previously established (…) serves as the (…) to a (…) for a new (…).
higher-order, CS, US, CR, CS
(…) inoculation enhances (…) skills in 3 overlapping phases: (…), (…), (…). Coping in the present, helps with coping in the future.
stress, coping, cognitive preparation, skills acquisition and rehearsal, application and follow-through
Rehm’s Self-control therapy assumes deficits in the following 3 aspects increase vulnerability to depression: (…), (…), and (…).
self-monitoring, self-evaluation, and self-reinforcement
LTM involves (…) and (…) components. The second is divided into (…) and (…) memory.
procedural, declarative, semantic, episodic
An (…) is a phrase or rhyme constructed from the first letter of each word in a list.
acrostic
Interference theory: (…) interference, (…) info stops (…) information; the other is (…).
retroactive, new, old; the other is proactive
Tolman believed in (…) learning. Learning can occur (…) reinforcement.
latent, without
