Learning

Question 1

What is habituation?

Answer 1

Decrease in response to repeat benign stimulus

Question 2

What is sensitization?

Answer 2

Strengthening of responses to a wide variety of stimuli following an intense or noxious stimuli

Question 3

T/F Sensitization overrides effects of habituation

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Imitative learning is important in what?

Answer 4

Acquisition of language

Question 5

What type of neurons are part of imitative learning?

Answer 5

Mirror neurons

Question 6

Mirror neurons are cortical neurons that fire when what?

Answer 6

When we observe somebody doing something that helps us relate to what they are doing and perhaps is important in our acquiring those motor skills

Question 7

The cortical mirror neuron system is formed by what two main regions?

Answer 7

Ventral premotor cortex and rostral part of the inferior parietal lobule

Question 8

What type of conditioning involves a learning relationship between two stimuli

Answer 8

Classical conditioning

Question 9

Operant conditioning is a learning relationship between what?

Answer 9

Stimulus and organism behavior

Question 10

Classical conditioning is a pairing of what two stimuli to condition response?

Answer 10

Conditioned and unconditioned

Question 11

Formation of a predictive relationship between a response and a stimulus is what type of conditioning?

Answer 11

Operant conditioning

Question 12

Animals and people learn to predict the consequences of their own behavior in what type of conditioning?

Answer 12

Operant

Question 13

Biofeedback is a form of which conditioning?

Answer 13

Operant

Question 14

T/F The number of neurons and their connectivities stay the same during learning

Answer 14

False; they change significantly

Question 15

If neurons do not make meaningful connections they will ___

Answer 15

Perish

Question 16

Neuron connections are determined by what?

Answer 16

Nerve growth factors released retrogradely from + cells

Question 17

Soon after birth, many areas of the cerebral cortex may lose what percentage of original neurons

Answer 17

50% or more

Question 18

What causes the loss of original neurons?

Answer 18

Nonuse

Question 19

T/F In adults there is modification in the number of neurons and their connections

Answer 19

True

Question 20

What is represented in multiple regions throughout the nervous system

Answer 20

Long term memory

Question 21

Storage of memory is associated with what structural changes in synapes?

Answer 21

Increase in: transmitter vesicles, release sites for neurotransmitter, number of presynaptic terminals, number of synaptic connections
Changes in structure of dendritic spines

Question 22

Protein kinase M zeta maintains what?

Answer 22

Long term potentiation (LTP) in hippocampal neurons

Question 23

What else is blocked when Protein kinase M zeta is blocked?

Answer 23

Long term memory function

Question 24

Zeta inhibitory peptide (ZIP) blocks _____

Answer 24

PKM zeta

Question 25

Holographic memory uses what type of waves?

Answer 25

Coherent waves

Question 26

What two type of interference patterns are associated with holographoc memory?

Answer 26

Constructive and destructive

Question 27

____ alters human behavior by learning and memory

Answer 27

Environment

Question 28

Process by which we acquire knowledge about the world

Answer 28

Learning

Question 29

Process by which knowledge is encoded, stored, and retrieved

Answer 29

Memory

Question 30

T/F All learning is beneficial

Answer 30

False

Question 31

Learned motor skills help us?

Answer 31

Master the environment

Question 32

Learned language enables?

Answer 32

Communication of what we learned

Question 33

T/F Learning can produce dysfunctional behaviors

Answer 33

True

Question 34

_____ often creates an environment where people can learn to change their behavior

Answer 34

Psychotherapy

Question 35

Unconscious memory

Answer 35

Implicit

Question 36

Conscious memory

Answer 36

Explicit

Question 37

Following a bilateral removal of the hippocampal formation, H.M. had better control of seizures, but developed what?

Answer 37

A devastating explicit memory deficit