Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuroanatomy > Learning and Memory > Flashcards

Learning and Memory Flashcards

1
Q

first evidence of cortical localization of memory…used electrical stimulation to map sensory/motor/language in surgery for epilepsy (*experiential/hallucinations when temporal lobe stimulated*)

A

Penfield

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Milner did surgery on H.M and removed this to stop uncontrollable seizures….lost ability to form new long-term memories and short to long term conversion

A

bilateral medial temporal lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

this memory is easy to form and easy to forget

A

declarative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

this memory requires repetition/practice over long periods of time…less likely to be forgotten

A

implicit/procedural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

loss of memory and/or ability to learn

A

amnesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

sudden onset of anterograde amnesia for short period time w/ retrograde amnesia for events since event (due to cerebral ischemia, concussion, drugs…temporary blood deprivation)

A

transient global amnesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

physical representation of a memory

A

engram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Lashley’s studies…all the cortical neurons that are activated by an external stimulus (internal representation of an object)…held in short term until activity ends, or until consolidation can occur

A

cell assemblies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

this area is the heart for declarative memory…what makes up this area?

A

medial temporal lobe; hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, parahippocampal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

output of medial temporal lobe via this

A

fornix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

lesion of medial temporal lobe will lose this kind of amnesia

A

short term (anterograde)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

these parts of diencephalon is important in memory process

A

anterior/DM nuclei, mammillary bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

this part of brain stores working memory

A

prefrontal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

this part of brain important for habits, motor skills, procedural memory (how to ride a bike for example)

A

striatum, GP, cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

priming is involved with this area of brain

A

occipital lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

this is damaged in Korsakoff’s syndrome

A

DM and mammillary bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

acts as index of memory…pulls different parts (person, sight, smell) of memory from different memory stores

A

hippocampus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

hippocampus necessary for this kind of memory…highly processed info stored in memory in a way that ties together all aspects that happened at time memory was stored

A

relational memory

19
Q

where is long term memory stored?

A

cortex

20
Q

striatum is necessary for this kind of memory

A

procedural

21
Q

this structure is very important in remembering *places*

A

hippocampus

22
Q

Hebb’s hypothesis claimed memory resides in these (studied Aplysia to fing out)

A

synaptic alterations

23
Q

declarative memory is located in this part of brain

A

medial temporal lobe

24
Q

this type of declarative memory is used for facts and general knowledge

A

semantic

25
Q

this type of declarative memory is necessary for people, memories for autobiographical events, etc.

A

episodic

26
Q

this NT starts a molecular cascade to sensitize a sensory axon by increasing Ca conductance…also binds GPCR (cAMP-PKA-closes K channel-depolarization/more Ca entry, increased NT release)

A

serotonin

27
Q

Kandel’s reserach….learning occurs when this precedes Gprotein coupled activation cAMP

A

presynaptic Ca pulse

28
Q

according to Kandel’s research…memory occurs when this occurs

A

K channels close and more NT released

29
Q

this is basis for synaptic plasticity and motor learning in cerebellar synaptic plasticity

A

parallel (input adjusted for correction) and climbing fibers (error signal) on Purkinje

30
Q

if these are active at same time…plasticity will occur (*marr Albus theory motor learning*)

A

parallel fiber synapse and climbing fiber input (on Purkinje)

31
Q

these parts are considered part of episodic memory system (w/o them hippocampus receives no information)

A

perirhinal, parahippocampal, entorhinal cortex

32
Q

Iso’s study…activation of parallel fibers alone will cause this small response..result of postsynaptic response to glutamate release by parallel fibers

A

long term depression

33
Q

this receptor is implicated in long term depression…when only parallel fibers act on Purkinje (Ito’s study)

A

AMPA glutamate receptor

34
Q

these can complelely block long term depression

A

Ca chelators

35
Q

these 3 things must occur simultaneously for long term depression to occur

A

increase Ca (due to climbing fiber input), increase Na (due to AMPA receptor), PKC activation (due to metabotropic glutamate receptor)

36
Q

learning occurs (as result of cerebellar LTD) when this occurs

A

Ca and Na increase and PKC activated

37
Q

this occurs when AMPA channels are internalized and postsynaptic currents are depressed

A

memory

38
Q

mammalian systems use these receptors for plasticity

A

glutamate

39
Q

this must occur at synapses for them to be active at same time postsynaptic CA1 neuron is strongly depolarized…*in long term potentitation*

A

spatial and temporal summation EPSPs

40
Q

these two must coincide for long term potentiation to occur

A

stimulation Schaffer collaterals and postsynaptic depolarization

41
Q

this enhances memory longterm…binds DNA…more protein synthesis = more second messenger activation and more receptors inserted on membrane

A

CREB

42
Q

LTP is accompanied by an increase in this

A

glutamate release

43
Q

LTP and LTD in hippocampus rely on these receptors

A

NMDA

44
Q

important kinase for long term memory…exposure of catalytic component necessary

A

CaMKII

Neuroanatomy (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions