Learning and Memory

Question 1

learning

Answer 1

process of acquiring the information - the outcome of which is memory

Question 2

3 stages of learning/memory

Answer 2

encoding
storage
retrieval

Question 3

encoding

Answer 3

processing of incoming information to be stored

Question 4

storage

Answer 4

represents the permanent record of information

Question 5

retrieval

Answer 5

utilizes stored information to create a conscious representation or to execute a learned behavior such as a motor act

Question 6

long term potentiation

Answer 6

persistent strengthening of synapses due to recent patterns of activity

• provide lasting connections among neurons
• first shown in hippocampus
• morris water maze

Question 7

morris water maze

Answer 7

test for spatial memory in rodents

Question 8

LTP is reliant on ___receptors

Answer 8

NDMA (glutamate)

Question 9

which cells of the hippocampus are responsible for spatial learning effect?

Answer 9

CA1

Question 10

what type of beta plaques inhibit LTP in the hippocampus?

Answer 10

Amyloid - this is seen in alzheimers disease

Question 11

two divisions of memory

Answer 11

long term and short term

Question 12

two divisions of long term memory

Answer 12

declarative and nondeclarative

Question 13

two divisions of declarative memory

Answer 13

episodic and semantic

Question 14

4 divisions of non declarative memory

Answer 14

procedural
perceptual representation
classical conditioning
nonassociative learning

Question 15

episodic memory

Answer 15

memory of events

Question 16

semantic memory

Answer 16

memory of facts

Question 17

procedural memory

Answer 17

memory of skills (motor and cognitive)

Question 18

sensory memory

Answer 18

sensory echo - have high capacity, but don’t last long

Question 19

auditory

Answer 19

echoic, 9-10 seconds

Question 20

visual memory

Answer 20

iconic, 300-500 microseconds

Question 21

short term memory

Answer 21

longer time course than sensory but more limited capacity

Question 22

modal model of memory

Answer 22

memory starts with sensory. if you pay attention to it, it moves to short term memory, where it can either decay/interfere and be lost or with rehearsal, move to long term memory

Question 23

5 pieces of evidence distinguishing Short term storage and long term storage

Answer 23

capacity differences
encoding differences
serial position curves
forgetting
neuropsych evidence

Question 24

capacity differences between STS and LTS

Answer 24

STS = limited
LTS = unlimited

Question 25

encoding differences between STS and LTS

Answer 25

``` STS = phological LTS = semantic ```

Question 26

Serial position curves differences between STS and LTS

Answer 26

``` STS= recency LTS = primacy ```

Question 27

forgetting differences between STS and LTS

Answer 27

``` STS = trace decay LTS = interference ```

Question 28

Neuropsych evidence for distinct STS and LTS

Answer 28

``` HM = intact STS, impaired LTS KF = intact LTS, impaired STS ```

Question 29

maintenance

Answer 29

retaining information over the short term

Question 30

manipulation

Answer 30

performing mental operations on the contents of this store

Question 31

working memory

Answer 31

extension and elaboration on the concept of short term memory

Question 32

components of baddeley and hitch's model of working memory

Answer 32

Central Executive Phonological Loop Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad

Question 33

central executive

Answer 33

presides over interactions between subordinate systems and LTM

Question 34

phonological loop

Answer 34

acoustic short term storage

Question 35

visuo-spatial sketchpad

Answer 35

visual short term store

Question 36

3 functions of the phonological loop

Answer 36

1. learning to read 2. language comprehension 3. vocabulary acquisition (1st and 2nd language)